- 學位論文
兩岸職業訓練政策與法規之比較研究
A Comparative Study on Vocational Training Policies and Regulations between Taiwan and Mainland China
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摘要
本研究之目的即在剖析兩岸職業訓練政策與法規之內容及其配套措施、比較其異同，並提供改進建議。本研究採質性研究方法，以比較研究法為主要研究途徑。本研究歸納出下列六項主要結論： （一）臺灣因經濟起飛帶動職訓政策與法規的突破；大陸職業訓練則因文化大革命而停滯發展，並因經濟改革開放而帶動職業教育法的實施，故職業訓練政策與政治發展、經濟建設息息相關。 （二）近年來兩岸職業訓練體制轉型原因不同，臺灣是因政黨的輪替而轉型，大陸則因成為世界工廠而進行職訓轉型。 （三）目前大陸中央職業訓練行政組織為人力資源和社會保障部，臺灣為行政院勞工委員會，明年將升格為勞動部，故大陸以「部」的型態比較臺灣為早且新穎。 （四）大陸的主要職業訓練法律為職業教育法，較臺灣的職業訓練法晚13年，惟其規範範圍大於後者，乃因兩岸政府體制不同所致。 （五）在臺灣以訂定產業人才投資方案及辦理訓練品質評鑑（TTQS） 為職業訓練政策配套措施之特色，而大陸則以建立勞動預備制度為其政策配套措施之特色。 （六）比較兩岸職業訓練的配套法律，兩岸部分類似，臺灣部分法律較大陸為進步，反之亦然，兩岸互可參考借鏡。 本研究最後並分別對兩岸職業訓練政策與法規及後續研究提出建議。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences between Taiwan and Mainland China in terms of vocational training policies, regulations, and other supporting mechanisms; based on which we will make recommendations for future improvements. This paper takes a qualitative comparative study approach and draws the seven main conclusions below: 1. Taiwan’s vocational training policies and regulations experienced a breakthrough following a series of rapid economic growth; whereas vocational training in Mainland China remained stagnant due to the Cultural Revolution. It was not until the late economic reforms in Mainland China that gave birth to the Vocational Education Law. Therefore, vocational training policies are closely related to political movements and economic developments. 2. In recent years, vocational training systems have undergone significant transformations in both Taiwan and Mainland China, but for different reasons. Transformation took place in Taiwan due to the rotation of political power, while vocational training transformed in Mainland China to become the world’s factory. 3. Currently, the central authorities for vocational training are the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in Mainland China; and the Council of Labor Affairs, the Executive Yuan, in Taiwan, which will be elevated into the Ministry of Labor in the coming year. Mainland China’s approach to govern labor affairs at the Ministerial authority is more advanced compared to Taiwan. 4. Mainland China’s governing law for vocational training is the Vocational Education Law; it was introduced 13 years after than Taiwan’s Vocational Training Act but provided a broader governance compared to the latter. This was mainly attributed to their different political systems. 5. Taiwan had introduced the Industrial Human Resource Investment Plan and the Taiwan TrainQuali System （TTQS） as support mechanisms to its vocational training policies; whereas Mainland China created its own labor reserve system. 6. Both Taiwan and Mainland China implemented similar regulations with regards to vocational training. Some parts of Taiwanese laws are more advanced than Chinese laws, and some were inferior. The two laws may complement each other. At the end of this study, we have offered recommendations to the existing vocational training policies and regulations in Taiwan and Mainland China, and opinions for future researches.
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