俄羅斯漢語教學之現況及其影響因素探討

由於地理上俄羅斯與中國大陸有著廣大相鄰邊界，俄羅斯政府早在17世紀已認知到研究漢語的必要性。到目前漢語教學與研究在俄羅斯已有170年的歷史。近年來，隨著俄中兩國在政治、經濟、軍事和國際事務等領域合作不斷增加，俄羅斯出現了所謂的漢語熱，想要學習漢語的人數逐漸增加，促使俄羅斯各級教育機構盡量開設漢語課程，滿足俄羅斯學習漢語的廣大需求。而儘管俄羅斯的漢語研究有悠久的歷史，在漢語教學上仍有些問題值得進一步探討。本論文採用文獻探討、學生問卷和教師訪談等方法，呈現俄羅斯漢語教學的現況及其面臨的困境。此外在分析各方面的研究結果後，筆者歸納並說明影響俄羅斯漢語教學的主要因素。在研究過程中，筆者發現，促進俄羅斯漢語教學發展的因素有下列幾點：1)悠久的漢學傳統；2)與漢語地區之教育交流；3)中國大陸經貿關係的快速發展。但是除了以上的正面影響因素以外，俄羅斯漢語教學的發展也受到許多阻礙。研究結果顯示，抑制俄國漢語教學發展的因素包括：1)缺少專業的漢語教師；2)缺乏培養專業漢語教師的機構；3)缺少針對俄籍學習者的漢語教材；4)缺乏專業漢語教學的設備；5)漢語課程設置不適當；6)各大學漢語課程設置標準不一。最後，本文建議後續研究者可以針對上述俄羅斯漢語教學的各個困境，包括漢語師資、教材、培訓機構等不足之處進行更深入的研究，並提出解決策略。

關鍵字

俄羅斯；漢語教學；漢語熱；影響因素

並列摘要

Due to the close bounder between Russia and China,since 17th century,the Russian government has realized the need of study Chinese.Recently the increasingly cooperation between Russia and China in political,economical,military and international affairs promotes the“boom”of Chinese language and increases the number of people who wants to learn Chinese.Facing this situation Russian educational institutions of all levels try to implement Chinese language courses to meet the high Russian demand of learning Chinese.But despite of the long history of studing Chinese in Russia,in teaching Chinese field there are still some problems worthy of further study. The methodology of this research,consisting of literature review,student’s questionnaires and interviews with Chinese teachers,shows the current situation of teaching Chinese language in Russia and the difficulties it faces.Based on the results of conducted research, the author summarized the main factors affecting teaching Chinese language in Russia. The analysis of this research shows,that the factors promoting the development of teaching Chinese language in Russia are the following:1)the long scholary tradition of Sinology;2)educational exchange between Russia, China and Taiwan;3)rapid development of economic and trade relations with mainland China. Besides the positive impact factors,there are some obstacles,preventing the development of teaching Chinese in Russia,such as:1)the lack of professional Chinese teachers; 2)the lack of institutions, educating Chinese language teachers;3)insufficiency of Chinese teaching materials aimed for Russian learners;4)lack of equipment for teaching Chinese language;5)Chinese courses set inappropriately;6)the vary of teaching Chinese curriculum standards. Finally,this study suggests that future researchers can focus deeply on the study of the difficulties of teaching Chinese in Russia,such as lack of Chinese language teachers and teaching materials, insufficiency of educational institutions for Chinese teachers and others inadequacies,and propose recommendations for its solution