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  • 學位論文

現代漢語「在+處所詞」與現代泰語相應形式之對比分析及教學應用

A Contrastive Analysis of “Zai+locatives” in Mandarin Chinese and Its Counterparts in Thai with Pedagogical Implications

指導教授 : 陳俊光
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摘要


本論文主要基於「格語法(Case Grammar)」、認知語法的「句式語法」(Construction Grammar)以及「意象圖式(Image schema)」這些理論來探討解釋「在+處所詞」語意句法及篇章兩個層次。本文圍繞「在+處所詞」出現在句中不同位置而組成不同的句式類型這個概念將「在+處所詞」的句式分爲三類基本句式來討論,句首(主語前)、句中(動詞前)、句尾(動詞後)。然後分析討論「在+處所詞」各個相關構式的語意及句法功能特徵。本文探討的「在」本身為「介詞」,本身不具有實在意義,但並不是無義,由其本義引申出來的「存在」、「所在」義。本文的研究結果顯示,按照語義格可以將「在+處所詞」所引進的賓語分為「處所格(Locative)」與「終點格(Goal)」。正因爲「在+處所詞」本身具有複雜語義特徵和多重語法功能,加上學者受到母語的干擾 ,致使泰籍學習者使用介詞「在+處所詞」時有很高的偏误率。偏誤類型主要有:错序偏误(errors of ordering)、遺漏偏誤(errors of omission)、誤加偏誤(errors of addition)、誤代偏誤(errors of selection)四類。 對於介詞「在」在泰語中的形式,詞彙上的功能對等於泰語介詞「thi」是最爲恰當的。但通過「在+處所詞」介詞短語的漢泰對比分析屬於「多對一」的形式。最後,本文以「結構複雜度」、「語義複雜度」、「跨語言距離」三個平面為標準列出對泰籍漢語學習者「在+處所詞」的教學排序並提出相應的教學對策。 我們之所以以這些為基礎,主要是爲了給泰籍學習者漢語學習者在學習「在+處所詞」前,對這個語法點有個初步的概念,減少他們學習「在+處所詞」的各個方面困難與干擾,包括種種類型的使用偏誤,從而提高對「在+處所詞」的掌握度,以使他們能正確運用「在」的各種語義功能。

並列摘要


This research is mainly based on the theories of 「Case Grammar」, 「Construction Grammar」, and 「Image schema」 to investigate the syntactic meaning and discourse of 「zai+locative」. Therefore this research used 「zai+locative」 in different sentence locations and patterns to discuss the sentence front (subject front), sentence middle (verb front), and sentence end (verb end). Further to analyze the constructive meaning and syntactic characteristics of 「zai+locative」. The 「zai」 in this research is a preposition. It has no concrete meaning, but does not mean it has no meaning. The 「zai」 that this research observe is the core meaning that circulate itself, which is 「existence」 and 「being」. The result of this research shows in semantic case, the object in 「zai+locative」 can be 「Locatvie」 and 「Goal」. The reason being 「zai+locative」 itself has complicated semantic characteristics and multiple grammatical function. Moreover, the influence by ones native language can lead to numerous language errors. The four common types of errors found in Thai native learners are: 「errors of ordering」, 「errors of omission」, 「errors of addition」, and 「errors of selection」. Preposition 「zai」can be refer to as 「thi」 in Thai language, as they both has the similar lexical function. But, through the contrastive analysis of prepositional phrase,「zai+locative」,it appeared to be a 「multiple to one」 figure. Lastly, based upon the 「constructive complicity」, 「semantic complicity, and 「crosslinguistic range」 presented in this paper, some suggestions are offered for improving Chinese language pedagogy. The reason we focuse on these basics were to give Thai learners some precautions in using 「zai+locative」. Also, to reduce the difficulties and interference they face while learning 「zai+locative」. As well as, aim to prevent all other types of usage errors in 「zai+locative」. Hopefully in the future, Thai learners can extend their language usage of the preposition of 「zai」 itself.

參考文獻


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