未婚單身女性幸福感之質性研究

賴珮瑄

指導教授 ： 田秀蘭博士

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討未婚單身女性幸福感的來源及相關影響因素，期望藉由研究瞭解未婚單身女性幸福感來源之內涵以及負向事件發生幸福感受到削弱時，有助於提升幸福感的個人資源，藉此認識與瞭解未婚單身女性幸福感之樣貌與現況。本研究一共訪談十五位年齡介於35至50歲的未婚單身女性，並且選擇紮根理論分析方法進行資料的整理與分析。

研究結果發現未婚單身女性幸福感來源包含九項核心主題：（1）工作事業的經營：工作環境或氣氛佳；個人與職業工作的適配性高；工作回饋（工作薪資與成就感、自我效能感）；工作中獲得自我提升與成長。（2）休閒生活的參與：個人興趣的投入、意義建構，藉此獲得正向情緒或抒發心情；提供社交動機的滿足，獲得人際互動或享受家庭生活；休閒活動帶來資訊、增進知識，拓展生活體驗；以及休閒獲得身心的休息、放鬆與自在，促進健康。（3）社會關係的互動：在關係的互動與交流中獲得支持與資源；內在愛與被愛的需求獲得滿足；關係中的助人行為，為他人付出獲得滿足以及社我概念。（4）學習或進修生活：知識、技能的學習收穫或能力的成長；個人心理層面的成長與收穫；學習環境或氣氛佳；學習從自身興趣出發，過程即帶來幸福；以及學習進修是邁向自我實現的歷程。（5）與自己的關係：獨處的自由與自在；自我省思與瞭解，接納真實的自己帶來幸福感以及自我照顧（6）單身狀態：單身自由度高，不受拘束；心力和經濟只要關注和照顧自己，壓力負擔輕；且生活社交圈較廣。（7）個人目標的追求；（8）健康需求以及（9）經濟因素。

有助於未婚單身女性減少負向事件對幸福感造成的削弱，而有效提升個人幸福感的相關影響因素包含：（1）心理調適；（2）社會支持與資源；（3）因應行為。

本研究針對上述研究結果進一步進行討論，最後根據研究過程與結果，提出本研究的限制與建議。

關鍵字

未婚單身女性 ； 幸福感 ； 紮根理論分析方法

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to investigate how never-married single women perceive well-being and what factors influence their perception of well-being. Fifteen never-married single women, aged from 35 to 50, participate in this research. The author analyzes the data by means of the method of Grounded Theory.
The results indicate that there are nine core factors which bring the never-married single women well-being, namely, Job, Leisure, Social Relationship, Continuing Education, Intra-personal Relationship, Single State, Personal Achievement, Health State, and Financial Stability. Critical findings in detail are as follows:
(1) Job: The research shows that never-married single women perceive well-being from good working environment, high degree of vocational congruence, positive job feedback, rewarding salary, self-fulfillment, self-efficacy, and personal growth.
(2) Leisure: Never-married single women perceive positive emotion and express feelings through their interests and hobbies. They construct life meaning on these experiences they are involved and enjoy. Leisure time meets never-married single women’s needs for social interactions with friends and family. Also, leisure activities provide information and knowledge, develop life experiences, and obtain comfort and relaxation.
(3) Social Relationship: Never-married single women acquire rapport and support from social relationship, which satisfies the social needs of belongingness and love. When never-married single women affiliate with others, they establish friendship and devote themselves to altruistic behavior in social relationship; furthermore, they regard the well-being of friends and family members as their own well-being.
(4) Continuing Education: Never-married single women keep learning new skills and knowledge, and thus improve their vocational abilities. Never-married single women obtain psychological growth by continuing education life. Good learning atmosphere and environment reinforce never-married single women’s willingness to learn. Never-married single women continue learning based on their personal interests, they perceive well-being while learning. Continuing education is a process toward self-fulfillment for never-married single women.
(5) Intra-personal Relationship: Never-married single women build up inner peace through aloneness and solitude, that is, never-married single women establish the relationship within themselves by self-reflection, self-acceptance, and self-care.
(6) Single State: Never-married single women have a broader social support system. Being single brings less stress and burdens to them.
(7) Personal Achievement: Never-married single women perceive well-being when they achieve their personal goals.
(8) Health State: Never-married single women perceive well-being when their health states maintain at steady situations.
(9) Financial Stability: Never-married single women perceive well-being when the need of financial stability is achieved.
Besides the nine core factors mentioned above, this research also indicates that negative life events are related to affect the well-being never-married single women perceive. Certain factors that improve such situations are as follows:
(1) Self-adjustment: Never-married single women are able to adjust their cognition to perceive positive emotions.
(2) Social Support and Resources: Social support and resources aid never-married single women in solving problems and ease the stress they encounter.
(3) Coping: Never-married single women develop coping behavior and strategies to manage negative life events.
According to the results, suggestions and limitations for further applications are brought up in the end of this research.

並列關鍵字

never-married single women ； well-being ； Grounded Theory

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