浴火鳳凰--口足畫家的自我超越及其生涯發展歷程

顏上玲(Yen-sun Ling)

指導教授 ： 何英奇

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

本研究旨在了解口足畫家的自我超越及其生涯發展歷程，並探討其影響因素。本研究採質化的研究方法，邀請天生殘障，或因特殊疾病及意外，以致無法像常人一般用手握筆，而必須依賴嘴巴或雙腳作畫的口足畫家作為研究參與者。根據深度訪談、訪談日誌、觀察筆記、相關文件所蒐集的資料，透過分析、比較、歸納與詮釋的程序之後，藉以描繪口足畫家的生命故事並建構其生涯發展理論。
本研究的發現如下：
一、 口足畫家的生涯發展歷程可分為：（1）衝擊前的風平浪靜階段：在
遭遇意外之前，他們大部分如同一般孩童一樣正常成長、發展。
（2）心理衝擊階段：在這個階段，他們覺察到自己與他人的不同而
產生心理衝擊或是因後天意外導致肢體障礙而產生心理衝擊。（3）
心理調適階段：剛開始，他們多數會逃避現實，在經歷一段時期的
自我掙扎之後，才能完成心理調適。（4）生涯探索階段：開始著手
規劃自己的未來，探索自己的生涯方向。（5）生涯定向階段：經過
生涯探索之後，決心以繪畫作為自己的終身志業。
二、 影響口足畫家自我超越與生涯發展的因素，包括：（1）個人因素：
口足畫家經由接納自己的殘障、克服自卑心結，而建立正向的自我
概念、自我肯定，進而自我超越，並積極發掘自己在各方面的潛能
而擬定行動策略，有助於其生涯發展歷程。（2）家庭因素：以拒絕
或過度保護的方式來與殘障親友相處，易形成殘障朋友自卑或依賴
的習性；家人適度的支持與接納有利於其重建過程。（3）教育因
素：雖然學校特殊教育的薄弱及技藝訓練的不足造成生涯發展的限
制，然而口足畫家卻以不斷自我進修來發展自我潛能、豐富自己的
生命。（4）社會因素：社會福利、資源的不足極易形成生涯發展的
阻礙，然而口足畫家卻能善用並整合社會資源，透過社會的支持、
接納以及貴人的相助而突破生涯發展的困境。以上各個影響因素，
息息相關。
三、 從過去的相關研究及Adler、Frankl的理論亦可以交叉綜觀出口足畫
家的自我超越及生命歷程全貌。其艱辛、曲折的生命歷程，正如鳳
凰火鳥一般，在重重的險阻中，浴火重生。
最後，根據研究結果作綜合性的討論，提出具體建議，並說明本研究之限制，以作為後續研究的參考。

關鍵字

口足畫家 ； 自我超越 ； 生涯發展 ； 肢障 ； 心理調適 ； 質化研究 ； 紮根理論 ； 生命故事

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the self-transcendence and career-developing process of Mouth and Foot Painters (MFP), and investigate their influential factors. This study adopted qualitative method. The MFPs, who were inborn-defective or suffered from specific disease or accidents, were invited to serve as participants. The data, collected from in-depth interview, interview diary, field notes, were analyzed, compared, inducted, and interpreted. Then the life stories of MPF were depicted and the career-developing theory was constructed based on the data.
There are several findings of this study stated below:
1. The career-developing process of MFP can be divided into five phases. (1) Calm phase before the crisis: Before encountering accidents, most of them grow and develop normally like other children. (2) Psychological crash phase: They get psychological crash by being aware of their difference from others or by being physically handicapped from accidents. (3) Psychological adjustment phase: Most of them tried to escape from the reality in the beginning, but finally accepted themselves after a period of time of self-struggling. (4) Career searching phase: They started to plan their future and searched for their capability. (5) Career orientation phase: After career searching, they decided to choose painting as their lifetime career.
2. Factors that influence the self-transcendence and career-development are (1) Personal factors: If they can develop positive self-concept by accepting their defects, self-affirmation, and self-transcendence, they can investigate their potentials and develop their careers. (2) Family factors: Relevant support and acceptance from family members can help them to be self-reconstruction. (3) Educational factors: The weakness of special-education and insufficiency of skill-training may limit MFPs，career-development. However, they can enrich their lives through constant self-advancement. (4) Social factors: The insufficiency of social-welfare and resource may be the obstacles of career-development. However, these MFPs try to make the best of social resource to overcome the crisis in career-development. These factors stated above are related.
3. Contrasted with the past related studies and Alder’s and Frankl，s theories, we can get the interweaving whole view of the process of self-transcendence and life of the MFPs. Their tough and struggling life process goes like phoenix, which re-born from fires in continuous difficulties.
At last, conclusions and implications for further study are suggested.

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