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  • 學位論文

以鎳金屬催化帶官能基1,3-環己二烯分子內環化反應之研究

Nickel-Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization of 1,3-Dienes Containing Various Functional Groups

指導教授 : 葉名倉
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摘要


利用(η5-1,3-環己雙烯)三羰鐵錯鹽與帶官能基鋅銅試劑反應,合成一系列C-5位置上帶官能基1,3-環己雙烯三羰鐵衍生物。經過Ce(IV)氧化去錯合後,可得到帶官能基共軛環己雙烯衍生物。 當C-5碳鏈長度為一,醛為官能基時,可得到橋頭雙環[3.2.1]化合物;當碳鏈長度為二,三時,可順利形成聯結雙環化合物。當碳鏈長度為四時,則會形成螺旋雙環化合物,若碳鏈長度為五時,則因為位置太遠,無法形成好的過渡狀態,因此無法進行合環反應。以酮基為官能基時,由於酮基本身活性較小,立障較大,所以產率均不佳,且環化產物無規則性。 以芳香醛為官能基時,只有在鄰位(ortho)取代會發生環化反應,反應溫度的高低可控制產物的比例:當反應溫度較低(35℃)時,偏向金屬與不飽和鍵之加成反應;當溫度較高時(55℃),以H-Ni-SiEt3加成至雙烯反應機構進行者增加,但是仍以金屬與不飽和鍵之加成反應為主。 將側鏈放置雜原子,形成帶有雜原子雙烯化合物時,由於無法成功進行去錯合反應,因此無法將我們研究範圍擴大。 本論文將探討以帶官能基1,3-環己雙烯衍生物利用鎳金屬催化分子內環化反應的限制及應用,並對未來發展做一展望。

並列摘要


Ni(cod)2 is a powerful catalyst for intramolecular cyclization of 1,3-cyclohexadienes bearing a tethered aldehyde. The starting diene-aldehyde compounds are easily available using our own developed methods. Treatment of the catalytic amount of Ni(cod)2, PPh3, and HSiEt3 (5 molar equiv) with cyclohexad-1,3-dienes containing a tethered aldehyde produced fused-, spiro- or bridged-bicyclic skeleton depending on the length of the side-chain( -(CH2)nCHO). With one carbon (n= 1), bridged-bicyclic compounds were isolated; with two or three carbons (n= 2 or 3), fused-bicyclic skleton were the major cyclized products, with four carbons (n= 4), spiro-bicyclic compounds were generated, with five carbons on the side-chain (n= 5), the intramolecular cyclization failed, the reduction of the aldehyde occurred to give dienol derivatives. Cyclohexa-1,3-dienes containing an ortho aromatic aldehyde also underwent intramolecular cyclization under the similar reaction conditions. Tricyclic skeletons were isolated in good yields. The scope and limitations of the nickel-mediated intramolecular cyclization of 1, 3-cyclohexadienes containing various functional groups will also be discussed.

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