優秀女子短距離游泳運動員兩種出發動作分析

江永泰

指導教授 ： 許樹淵

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

摘 要
本研究旨在分析優秀女子游泳運動員兩種出發動作實施的差異，達到成績提昇的目的。受試者為近二年國家女子代表隊的短距離游泳運動員共六名。受試者年齡18.6±3.02歲，身高168.7±5.35公分，體重52.5±3.51公斤，訓練年齡10.2±1.60年，50公尺自由式最佳成績為27.16±0.18秒。利用乙部SONY數位攝影機進行拍攝，使用PEAK MOTUS 7.0動作分析系統進行分析，且利用SPSS 8.0 FOR WINDOWS統計軟體進行重複量數變異數分析t考驗，以檢驗兩種出發動作間參數的差異。
經研究得到的結論為：
一、 預備姿勢中，蹲踞式出發重心位置靠後且較低，動作穩定。有利於目前一次出發的比賽模式，且出發台上速度優於抓握式，有利於短距離游泳競賽實施。
二、 飛程階段中，蹲踞式出發有較小的離台角度、與較大的離台瞬間水平速度和較短的飛程時間，在此階段擁有優勢。
三、 蹲踞式出發擁有較大的入水速度，較早的起水游使得在10公尺時間與平均速度均優於抓握式出發，蹲踞式出發技術適合於短距離自由式。蹲踞式出發動作可以適用於我國女子游泳運動員，以利短距離成績的提昇。

關鍵字

女子游泳 ； 短距離游泳 ； 游泳出發動作 ； 短距離 ； 蹲踞式出發 ； 抓握式出發

並列摘要

The analysis of two start movements in excellent
female short-distance swimmers

Chiang Yung-Tai Hsu Shuh-Yuan

ABSTRACT

This research was to analyze the differences of the two start techniques [grab start and track start] used by the experienced competitive female swimmers. The purpose of the investigation is to get better start parameter data in order to enhance athletes’ performance. Samples are six national-level female swimmers in short-distance event. The average age is 18.6±3.02; the average height is 168.7±5.35cm; the average weight is 52.5±3.51kg and the average training years is 10.2±1.60 yrs. The best velocity in 50m freestyle is 27.16±0.18sec. They were video-taped by two high-speed Sony digital cameras. The data were digital analyzed by Peak Motus 7.0 movement system. Besides, repeated measures analysis of variance and T-test were also analyzed by the statistics SPSS software which could examine the differences of parameter data of the two start movements.

The conclusions of this study were as below:

1. Making preparatory position of track start lower will help the swimmers steadier and more powerful in start movement. Besides, the velocity at the start block was better than the grab start. Therefore, track start is suitable to be used in short distance.
2. There was smaller angel and faster horizontal velocity of take off in track start. The track start’s fly time was shorter as well.
3. The entry velocity was faster in track start. Thus, breaking the surface of water earlier helped the track start had better average velocity of the first 10 meters than grab start. Therefore, the track start is suitable to be used in short-distance freestyle. According the above results, it indicated that the track start is a better way for the elite swimmers in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

short-distance ； track start ； grab start

參考文獻

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