日籍漢語學習者中介語之敘述模式研究

王慧娟

指導教授 ： 曾金金

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與僑教學院/華語文教學研究所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

根據Sapir-Whorf假說：人們是依循著母語的規範與習俗，去解釋他們所觀察到的客觀世界，而人們的思維模式在很大的程度上，建築在其所屬族群的語言習慣上。本研究的目的在瞭解日籍漢語學習者中介語的敘述模式，並以母語為日語的中、高級漢語學習者為研究對象。
研究對象包括漢語母語者與日籍漢語學習者各三十名，以兩組圖片進行口語敘述，並根據受試者語料建立語料庫。再根據語料庫資料，按照詞、句子、語篇的層次，從四個架構來分析漢語母語者與日籍學習者敘述語篇的差異，這四個架構分別為：(1) Halliday（1985）的敘述句動詞及物性過程理論，(2) Labov（1972）的語篇結構理論，(3)敘述人稱，(4)名詞指稱。
研究發現，漢語受試者與日籍受試者的漢語口語敘述語篇，在觀察焦點與敘述傾向上有不同的表現：漢語受試者進行敘述時，著重事件發展與人物行為的動態性描述；日籍受試者則重事件的時空背景，與人或物的外在形象的說明，以及事件發展的最終結果或狀態。日籍受試者在漢語敘述語篇上呈現的敘述傾向，也多少反映出日語的敘述傾向。
由此可知，第二語言學習者傾向將其母語中的敘述模式與習慣套入第二語言中，這也可能是造成日籍學習者敘述表達僵化（fossilization）的主要原因之一。針對日籍學生，漢語教師應瞭解漢、日語間的敘述傾向，提醒學習者以漢語進行敘述時，需轉換敘述的焦點與傾向。

關鍵字

中介語 ； 敘述模式 ； 修辭對比 ； 語篇分析 ； 漢語敘述 ； 語料庫 ； HASH(0x89432ac)

並列摘要

In linguistics, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (SWH) states that there is a systematic relationship between the grammatical categories of the language a person speaks and how that person both understands the world and behaves in it. This study focuses on the interlanguage of intermediate to advanced Japanese learners of Chinese and to see if any patterns or generalizations can be found by looking at a large number of learners’ spoken Chinese.
The subjects of this research include 30 native speakers of Japanese and another 30 native speakers of Chinese. They are showed two sets of pictures and the oral narratives is recorded and kept in a corpus. Using the learner corpus as data source, sort the words, sentences and discourses into four different frameworks. The four frameworks are (1) Halliday’s verbs process theory (1985), (2) Labov’s discourse structure of narrative （1972）, (3) pronouns (point of view) and (4) Nouns reference.
The investigation shows that the discourses of Chinese learners and Japanese learners are different in terms of their foci and ways of narrative. Chinese learners tend to focus on development events and actions and behaviors of characters. Contrary, Japanese learners tend to describe more on the background of the events or on the appearance of the characters as well as the result or state of the action. The narratives tendency shown on the Chinese discourse of Japanese learners also exhibits the narrative traits of Japanese.
A second language learner tends to apply his native language narrative mode into his second language acquisition. This might be the main factors of the fossilization of Japanese learners. Thus, the study suggests that a Chinese teacher should perceive the narrative tendency and differences of Chinese and Japanese, remind learners of them and further to facilitate learners’ acquisition of Chinese.

並列關鍵字

Interlanguage ； Narrative Mode ； Contrastive Rhetoric ； Discourse Analysis ； Language and Culture ； Chinese Narratives ； Corpus