機械領域工程背景高創造力者之技術能力心智運作歷程研究

The Research on the Mental Process of the People with High Creation in the Engineering Background of Mechanical Field

何益川(YI-CHUAN HO)

指導教授 ： 吳明雄

國立臺灣師範大學/科技學院/工業教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2004年)

摘要

中文摘要
本研究旨在探討型塑機械領域高創造力者的因素、機械領域工程背景高創造力者之技術能力創造歷程、技術能力問題解決歷程、技術能力資訊處理歷程、技術能力心智運作歷程。
本研究是以大學機械工程學系以上畢業，且在APIPA(中華民國專利公報)至少擁有機械領域5件以上之發明或新型專利者為訪談對象。本研究透過專利檢索、分析專利內容，依發明動機、思考習慣、學校教育課程的影響、各項專利之發明歷程進行深度訪談，所得的資料採用質的研究方法予以分析、歸納。研究重要發現與結論如下：
一、型塑機械領域高創造力者的因素
(一)踏入發明界：興趣、產學合作、接觸企業界的實務技術、成就感。
(二)思考習慣：喜歡從最基礎的地方開始想問題、遇到困難會暫存在腦海中、永不放棄問題、樂觀且專注的思考習慣。
(三)對發明的看法：生活上的發明可以透過創意的訓練來促進其發明；工程的發明需要專業知識，則需透過較長時間的學理知識培養、投入專業的技術磨練。
(四)學校教育課程的影響：生活型態、信心、成功的經驗都與創意有關，因此學校教育應該採用民主的教育方式。
二、高創造力者之技術能力創造歷程
(一)發現問題：由個人的專長、配合產學合作或廠商的需求發現問題、做中學。
(二)瞭解問題：由個人的專業技術或學理背景來做判斷，或是邊做邊學，透過實驗的過程也可以瞭解問題。
(三)概念設計：除了各種創意技法之外，還運用了邏輯推理、系統分析、系統設計、品質機能展開法…等較專業的方法。
(四)實作驗證：商品化或將技術移轉給廠商，不能商品化的也都有做出原型，機械實務技術顯得相當重要。
三、高創造力者之技術能力問題解決歷程
(一)技術瓶頸的突破：參考文獻、鑽研專利公報，溫故知新通常是靈感的來源。以個人的專業領域知識來尋求技術的突破，善用知識技術的轉換，或是以系統化的方式找出可能的構想。
(二)突破構想的來源：主動變通自己專業的應用範疇、善用假設、實際觀察，以跳躍式思考，截長補短的系統分析法，多運用腦力激盪，並且經常參加專業會議吸收現代科技知識，配合做中學的實驗，印證構想並且讓它具體化。
四、高創造力者之技術能力資訊處理歷程
與認知心理學派的訊息處理論類似，由訊息輸入(發現問題、瞭解問題)、儲存編碼(構思以尋求解決方案)、檢索取用(具體化設計條件、概念設計)的心智運作歷程。
五、高創造力者之技術能力心智運作歷程
為個人與認知、學習之間的互動，以其專業知能進行資訊處理使得問題得以解決。

關鍵字

機械領域 ； 工程背景 ； 高創造力者 ； 技術能力 ； 心智運作歷程

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
This research discusses the following technical ability aspects of the people with high creation ability in the mechanical engineering field, such as development factors, creation processes, problem-solving processes, information processing processes, and mental operation processes.
The interviewees of this study should be at least graduated from the department of mechanical engineering of university and they are patentees or own at least five inventions of APIPA in the mechanical engineering field. This study involves in-depth interviews in terms of invention motivation, thinking habit, influence of the education courses in schools, and the invention process of the patents selected by analyzing the selected patent content through inspecting patent index. The information is analyzed and inducted by qualitative approach. The important findings and results are shown as follows:
1.Development factors of the people with high creation ability in mechanical engineering field:
(1)Stepping into invention: Interest, industry academia cooperation, real experience and skill through practical contact with industry, and achievement.
(2)Thinking habit: Like to think about questions from basic points; temporarily keeping difficult problems in mind; never giving-up; optimism and concentration.
(3)Opinions toward invention: Daily life inventions can be induced by creativity training; engineering invention requires professional knowledge which takes longer time to foster theoretical knowledge and to experience more professional skills training.
(4)The influence of the educational courses in school: Life style, confidence and successful experience are all related to creation; thus, the democratic education should be conducted in the school education system.
2.Creation processes of the people with high technical creation ability:
(1)Problem Finding: Finding problem through personal specialty, academia cooperation, or the needs of corporations can be achieved and the learning experience is able to be accumulated through the process.
(2)Problem Identification: The problems can be identified through the judgment of personal professional techniques or theoretical knowledge, learning-by-doing, and experiments.
(3)Conception Design: Besides various creative skills, the concept design can be achieved by professional methods in terms of logical inference, systematic analysis, and systematic design.
(4)Verification by Experiments: Through the practical experiments of the technology is very important to verify the new creation technology in commercialization and transferring the technology to industry.
3.Problem-solving processes of the people with high technical creation ability.
(1)Breaking the bottle-neck of technique: The sources of inspiration are referring papers and reports, studying existed patents, reviewing and learning from the experience. Seeking technique break-through is by personal knowledge in professional field, finding ideas through the conversion of technical knowledge or systematic method.
(2)Sources of break-through ideas: Expanding application of one's professional expertise, using more hypotheses, reality observation, leaping thoughts, systematic analysis method of taking advantages to cover insufficiency, brain-storming; absorbing modern technical knowledge by attending professional conference frequently, learning-by-doing experiments to verify ideas.
4.Information processing processes of the people with high technical creation ability: Similar to the information processing theory of the cognitive psychology, the mind-working process includes message input (discover and identify problems), encoding/saving (thinking for resolution), and index taking (embodying designing conditions, conception designing)
5.Mental operation processes of the people with high technical creation ability: Interacting among self-cognition and learning is the mental process to solve problems by processing information with professional know-how.

並列關鍵字

mechanical field ； engineering background ； high creation ； technical ability ； mental process