本研究以現象學為方法,考察精神病患家屬作為一個「倫理主體」,如何面對因病給出的困局與考驗。研究者發現,家屬處在「無法置外」的陪病關係中,家屬一方面想貼近病者,一方面又想推拒病者,照顧位置遲疑與困頓,倫理行動的收縮與舒張,顯現出「倫理主體」的流變與轉折。從此,我們看到「倫理主體」並非一組具備穩定特質的存在屬性,它是一種被遮蔽、有待形成、流變中的存有狀態,且因自我置身處境之不同而有所殊異。 其次,由田野經驗顯示,「瘋狂」本身即是一個「否定」的經驗,家屬以「否定的方式」面對與處理「瘋狂的否定性」,換言之,家屬的照顧行動朝向一種「非正向的肯認」的狀態。因此,倫理行動多見「偏移」與「轉向」的操作,以某種迂迴的方式繞道而行。本研究以慾望的「匱乏」與「生產」作為分析的路徑,詮釋倫理主體如何在慾望的匱乏與生產交替之間,鋪展出個人意義的倫理行動。
This study adopts phenomenology as the analytical framework to examine, as the subject of ethics, how the families of mental patients confront the predicaments and challenges brought forth by the disease. The findings indicate that the families are binded in an obligatory relationship with the patients. The families of mental patients want to stay close to the illness on one hand, but tend to push them away on the other hand. The dilemma and impasse of the caring position, and the activeness and the passiveness of ethical actions show the shift and conversion of the subject of ethics. Therefore, we perceive the subject of ethics not as a set of stabilized, existing traits, but a hidden, undefined, changing state of being. Moreover, it may differ depending on where it is situated. Secondly, the field investigation showed that madness itself is surrounded by experiences of negation. The families of mental patients also dealt with the negativity of madness with negation. In other words, their caring behaviors are non-positive affirmations. Therefore, the actions of ethics are often operated by deviation and directional changes in an indirect way. By analyzing the lack and the production of the desire, this study interprets how the subjects of ethics develop ethical actions with personal meanings between the lack and the production of the desire.