圖書館員檢查制度與知識自由看法之研究

The study of librarians’ perspectives on censorship and intellectual freedom in Taiwan

劉明雅(Ming-Ya Liu)

指導教授 ： 吳美美

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/社會教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2006年)

摘要

圖書館檢查制度與知識自由的議題在台灣的圖書館界向來鮮少受到討論，尤其自政府解嚴以來，隨著政治體制的開放，檢查制度儼然已從圖書館界消失；然而，當「完全自殺手冊」一書於民國83年在台灣出版，引發了圖書館該不該典藏此書的爭議，接續於民國95年市立圖書館為議員抱怨無限制開放館內限制級圖書給未成年讀者借閱等事件，圖書館館員對於「開放」和「限制」的界線，以及看似衝突的議題，似乎無法迴避。
　　本研究之目的主要探討臺灣地區圖書館館員對檢查制度與知識自由議題的看法、影響其看法之因素、以及圖書館實際遭遇檢查制度的情形，期能瞭解基層圖書館館員對此議題的看法，以及面對檢查制度的因應之道。
　　本研究採用問卷調查法為研究方法，針對全臺162所大專校院圖書館以及120所公共圖書館之所屬圖書館館員總計2364人進行抽樣調查。研究結果分為四部分說明：一、圖書館館員對知識自由的內在支持傾向與外在實際行為有落差，整體而言，受訪者對知識自由論及的概念傾向於認同與支持，但在實際的工作場域中，館員仍會受制於外界壓力或本身個人的價值觀而接受外來的檢查制度或先行自我檢查；二、圖書館館員之個人背景與工作環境影響其對知識自由的看法，包括：學歷、專業背景、是否聽過檢查制度、是否聽過知識自由、服務的圖書館類型、服務的地區、服務的學校類型；三、生命安全的議題較受到館員的關注，而決定其對爭議案例支持或反對立場所考量的理由，持反對立場所考量的理由依序為「保護未成年人」、「提供好書」、「教育幼童」，持贊成立場所考量的理由，依序為「資訊流動」、「法律保障」、「專業倫理」、「多樣性」、「民主精神」；四、圖書館面對檢查制度的因應之道，包括：政策制定、尋求外援、以及理念宣導三個層面。

關鍵字

檢查制度 ； 知識自由 ； 公共圖書館 ； 學術圖書館

並列摘要

The issue of library censorship and intellectual freedom is rarely being discussed by the library field in Taiwan. Since the lift of martial law in 1987, the government almost relieves the censorship in libraries. However, with the publication of Suicide handbook in 1994, it has been argued that whether public libraries should collect the book or not. Furthermore, in 2006, city councilors of Taipei criticized the fact that public libraries had unconditionally lent R-rated books (persons aged 18 and above only) to minors. As a result, it seems inevitable that librarians are forced to confront the conflict between the boundary of freedom and restriction.
The purpose of this study is to probe into not only the issues that what the librarians’ viewpoints were on censorship and intellectual freedom but also the factors that influenced their points of view in Taiwan. Moreover, the researcher made an attempt to understand the genuine condition of censorship in the libraries and how the librarians faced and managed it.
The research took the method of questionnaire that sampled 2364 librarians from 162 colleges and 120 public libraries. The results of the research were summarized as follows:
Firstly, there is an obvious difference between librarians’ thoughts and their actual behaviors. As a whole, the examinees were in favor of intellectual freedom but they accepted the censorship at work due to the social pressure and their personal values. Secondly, librarians’ perspectives on intellectual freedom have been affected by their work environments and backgrounds including their educational and professional experiences, whether they were familiar with censorship and intellectual freedom, the categories and locations of their libraries. Thirdly, the librarians were more concerned about the issue of life safety. As regards the controversial cases, some librarians objected to disputed books for the cause of protecting minors, providing good books and educating children; as to those who supported disputed books, the followings accounted for this support: information circulation, legislation protection, professional morals, diversity, and democratic spirit. Fourthly, librarians encountered the censorship and dealt it with policies making, searching for outside help and promoting ideals.

並列關鍵字

Censorship ； Intellectual freedom ； Public library ； Academic library