跆拳道後旋踢之運動學分析

The Kinematics Analysis of Taekwondo Spin-whip kick

柯玉貞(Yu-Chen Ko)

指導教授 ： 林德嘉

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

跆拳道是奧運正式競賽項目。為了加強跆拳道競賽格鬥對抗的可看性，在規則上加重跳躍、轉身、上端攻擊的計分及全面性的踢擊和動作技巧的應用，將是跆拳道發展的趨勢。後旋踢動作是轉身上段攻擊動作，在得分方面，轉身、上段攻擊比正面、中段攻擊有優勢，因此掌握優異的後旋踢動作，提升轉身上段攻擊能力，對比賽的勝利有其積極的意義存在。本研究之研究目的乃藉由同步獲取的運動學參數資料，來瞭解後旋踢動作的參數變化情形，並進行分析，以做為日後教練及選手在訓練與技術應用上的重要依據。
本研究以Peak Performace高速攝影機（120HZ）兩台，進行同步拍攝。受試者為國內甲組跆拳道選手8名（訓練時間11.7±2.7年、段位3.375±0.744段），針對其後旋踢動作進行各項參數資料的蒐集、分析後，得到下列幾點結論。
1.全程動作時間的分期中，反應時間佔38﹪，攻擊時間佔25﹪，收腿時間佔37﹪。
2.腳離地前肩角度與肘角度應略增大，以幫助起腳轉身的動力，腳離地後肩角度要縮小，以減少在轉身時的轉動慣量，擊中目標時，肘角度的加大有防禦與平衡的作用。
3.後旋踢有其特殊性，所有受試者之膝關節皆有兩個峰值出現在（E2~E3）階段，一次是腳離地時的大角度；另一次是經收縮之後，要踢擊目標時的第二次蹬伸。
4.當踢擊到目標前踝關節會做一屈足背至屈蹠的動作，來加大攻擊的速度。踝角度的最大值出現在擊中目標時，會有較佳的攻擊效果。
5.受試者攻擊腳的各關節速度最大值：髖關節（3.322±0.46公尺/秒）、膝關節（6.121±0.61公尺/秒）、踝關節（8.98±0.849公尺/秒），均出現在擊中目標前，且遠端大於進端。
6.本研究中，並非所有受試者攻擊腿的各關節活動順序都符合人體動力鏈的順序原理。但後旋踢動作符合動力鏈原理的受試者有較佳的攻擊速度。

關鍵字

跆拳道 ； 後旋踢 ； 運動學

並列摘要

Taekwondo is the official event of the Olympic game. In order to attract the spectator the rule was modified to emphasize gaining point by application of the jumping, turning and attack the opponent face and upper body. The Spin-whip kick is described as the turn and attack the opponent face in order to gain point.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics of Spin-whip kick, and to identify important parameters of Spin-whip kick, in order to provide useful information for the athletes and coaches.
Two peak high speed cameras were gen-locked to videotape the kicking motion. Eight excellence level taekwondo athletes served as subjects, and their training experience and taekwondo Dan were 11.7±2.7years, 3.4±0.7Dan.
The summary of results were listed as following:
1. For the Spin-Whip kick motion time, reacting time took 38%, attack time (25%), recover time (37%)respectively.
2. The shoulder was abducted and elbow extended during the kicking foot toe off the ground to help for turning the body, the shoulder was adducted after the foot left ground to reduce the moment of inertia during the body turn, and the elbow extended at the attack target to defense and balance the body.
3. All subjects have two peak knee angles of kicking leg between toes off and contact the target, extension of the knee after toe off and flexion of the knee before second extension for the target.
4. The ankle was under dorsiflexion and plartarflexion when contacted the target. The greater peak ankle angle occured at contact have better attacking effectiveness
5. All peak joints linear velocities were occured before contact the target with hip(3.3±0.46m/s),knee(6.1±0.6m/s)and ankle(8.98±0.85m/s), respectively.
6. In this study, not all the subjects followed the principle of kinetic chain , however the subject with kinetic chain of kicking have a fast kicking velocities.

並列關鍵字

Taekwondo ； Spin-whip kick ； kinematics

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