古希臘羅馬哲學家之音樂美學及音樂教育觀

The Perspectives of Music Aesthetic and Education of Philosophers in ancient Greece and Rome

鄭淑萍(Shu-Pin Cheng)

指導教授 ： 方銘健

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/音樂學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討古希臘羅馬哲學家對音樂的看法，並了解其對於音樂所賦予的重要性與地位為何，當時音樂存在的價值為何，及其對音樂教育的觀點。本研究分為希臘上古時期、希臘古典前期、希臘古典時期、希臘化時期、羅馬時期作分析，從了解哲學家對音樂美學及音樂教育的看法中，分析他們賦予音樂的重要意義。
本研究採用歷史研究與文獻分析，經過研究分析，得到以下研究結果：
一、 希臘上古時期的哲學家如荷馬及其他抒情詩人赫西俄德等，談到音樂的起源，並賦予音樂神聖的特質，也肯定音樂的治療功能。
二、 希臘古典前期的哲學家如畢達哥拉斯、戴蒙、蘇格拉底等，大多開始提及音樂的道德教化功能，提倡規律的好音樂，反對創新。
三、 希臘古典時期最重要的兩位哲學家柏拉圖與亞里斯多德對於音樂最重視的部份，就是其道德教化的功能，音樂存在的價值莫過於此。但柏拉圖較為貶低音樂藝術的地位，亞里斯多德則肯定了音樂藝術的地位。
四、 希臘化時期和羅馬時期的哲學家對音樂的看法持各家的意見，斯多葛學派仍然肯定音樂藝術的道德目的，伊比鳩魯學派則否定藝術的價值，懷疑學派更是否定音樂的存在。羅馬時期的音樂多傳承自希臘時期，但仍然逐漸失去其精緻性。
最後研究者根據本次研究，對音樂教師、音樂美學的美感教育及後續研究提
出建議，做為音樂教育的參考。

關鍵字

希臘羅馬 ； 音樂美學 ； 音樂教育

並列摘要

The purposes of the essay are to find out the thoughts to music of philosophers in ancient Greece and Rome, to understand the importance of music at that time, and to discuss their music education ideas. The essay contents periods of the ancient Greece, the pre-classical period of ancient Greece, the classical period of ancient Greece, the Hellenistic period and ancient Rome. By analyzing philosophers’ perspectives to music and music education, the importance of music was regarded as positive.
The essay combines historical method and statement method including literature review and analysis. The results of the study are as below:
1. Philosophers in ancient Greece, like Homer and Hesiod, talked about the origin of music, and they characterized the minstrels as the favored mortals of the gods. Music was thought as sacred, and that’s why it was always linked to the gods and divine powers.
2. Philosophers in the pre-classical period of ancient Greece like Pythagoras, Damon, and Socrates started to focus on the moral force of music. They maintain that music had ethical value which should be utilized in the attainment of a sound morality.
3. In the classical period of ancient Greece, Plato held to the view that music should have one more educational means in the establishment of virtue and morality. Aristotle also took the view of Plato on the ethical character of music. They both denounced musical innovation.
4. In the Hellenistic period and ancient Rome period, the Epicurean school of philosophy maintained that music was irrational and cannot affect the soul or the emotions. But the Stoic school of philosophy still insisted that music had moral and ethical value. Sextus Empiricus even considered that music was not existent. The Romans contributed little to the development of music. They adopted Greek theory and practices and modified them to fit their own usage. But the subtleties of the Greek music system were ignored in ancient Rome.
According to the results of the essay, the researcher proposes suggestions to music teachers, music aesthetic education and further study, which can be the referencial materials for music education.

參考文獻

王恭志著。美感教育的哲學理論之探析。教育資料與研究，第25期，民國87

林玉體著。古代羅馬教育。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所集刊，第37輯，民國

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