- 學位論文
台灣產石竹科無心菜亞族植物之分類研究
A Taxonomic study of Caryophyllaceae subtrib. Arenariinae of Taiwan
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摘要
中文摘要 本研究利用外部形態、花粉形態、細胞學及生態與地理分布等資料，針對台灣產無心菜亞族植物（subtrib. Arenariinae Dumort.）進行分類研究，結果處理為5屬12種4變種，共16個分類群，包含5個特有類群。其中卷耳（Cerastium arvense）為一新紀錄種，高山無心菜改為變種階級（Arenaria subpilosa var. takasagomontana）；台灣卷耳（C. formosanum）及合歡卷耳（C. trigynum var. taiwanianum）併入玉山卷耳（C. morrisonense），石灰岩卷耳（C. calcicola）重新自玉山卷耳中分出；小瓣卷耳（C. parvipetalum）及瑞里繁縷（Stellaria monosperma var. taiwaniana）併入皺葉繁縷（S. monosperma var. japonica），小花繁縷（S. media var. micrantha）及A. taiwanense併入網脈繁縷（S. reticulivena）；賽繁縷（S. media var. procera）自台灣地區排除；並贊成將鵝兒腸（Myosoton aquaticum）自繁縷屬中獨立出來，成一單型屬。 在外部形態方面，蒴果及其裂片形態、花柱數目及花瓣形態是區別各屬最重要的特徵；葉形及種子形態是種間區別相當有用的特徵，植株習性及生長型式、萼片、花瓣、蒴果形態及被毛類型均可作為分類鑑定之參考。花粉形態方面，所有種類的基本形態大致相同，花粉大小及表面紋飾上存有些微種間差異，可作為分類處理之佐證。細胞學研究共檢視13個分類群之染色體數目，其中玉山卷耳（n=35）及網脈繁縷（n=13）為首次報導；共包含10種不同的數目，各屬有其基數，種間也具有變化；無心菜屬為10及15，卷耳屬為35或36，種阜草屬為12，鵝兒腸為14，繁縷則有12、13、20、21、22等多個數目，與其他地區之報導大致吻合。生態及地理分布方面，除無心菜（A. serpyllifolia）、卷耳及石灰岩卷耳等三個類群明顯侷限分布外，其餘種類均廣泛分布於全島。
並列摘要
ABSTRACT The subtribe Arenariinae (Caryophyllaceae) in Taiwan is taxonomically revised based on morphological, palynological, cytotaxonomic, phytogeographical, and ecological studies. Twelve species and four varieties of five genera, including a new record (Cerastium arvense) are recognized. Arenaria subpilosa var. takasagomontana is reduced to the rank of variety. Cerastium formosanum and C. trigynum var. taiwanianum are treated as synonymy of C. morrisonense. Cerastium calcicola, previously treated as synonymy of C. morrisonense, is recognized as distinct here. Both Cerastium parvipetalum and Stellaria monosperma var. taiwaniana are treated as synonym of S. monosperma var. japonica. Stellaria media var. micrantha and A. taiwanense are also treated as synonymy of S. reticulivena. Stellaria media var. procera is excluded in the study. Myosoton aquaticum is separated from Stellaria as monotypic genus. Morphology of capsules and petals ,and style numbers are important characters in distinguishing the genera in Taiwan. Morphology of leaves and seeds are diagnostic at species level. Habits, sepals, petals, capsules morphology, and types of hairs are also provided useful application for taxonomy. Pollen size and exine sculpture show little interspecific difference. Observation of the meiotic chromosome numbers of 13 Taiwanese taxa reveals high variation among species and genera. The chromosome numbers of Cerastium morrisonense (n=35) and Stellaria reticulivena (n=13) are determined for the first time. Geographically, most taxa in Taiwan are widely distributed throughout the island, except for A. serpyllifolia, C. arvense and C. calcicola.
參考文獻
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