台灣產細辛屬植物之分類研究

The taxonomic study of Asarum L. (Aristolochiaceae) of Taiwan

呂長澤(Chang-Tze Lu)

指導教授 ： 王震哲

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生物學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

本論文以植物體外部形態、花粉形態、染色體核型及地理分布等資料為分類依據，針對台灣產細辛屬（Asarum L.）植物進行分類研究。研究結果顯示在外部形態上，綜合花柱形態、柱頭位置、萼片形態及萼筒內紋飾為區別台灣產本屬植物之有用特徵。植物周年生長形式及萼筒形態等特徵亦有助於分類群間的區別。在花粉形態上，台灣產種類中包括無孔型和4-6孔型兩種，花粉外壁紋飾有助於區分台灣各分類群。染色體方面顯示，台灣產本屬植物染色體除上花細辛（Asarum epigynum Hayata）為2n=12外，其餘種類皆為2n=24。其中，除A. epigynum核型為不對稱外，其餘分類群的核型對性極高且頗為相似，皆具2對大型染色體及1對小型染色體；台灣產分類群的染色體核型主要可分為三種類型，符合一般對署以下分類的結果。由地理分布可知，大部分的種類為局部性分布，其中分布海拔最低的種類集中在南北兩端恆濕性氣候區中，且以東北氣候區中具有最多的限域分布物種。
根據研究結果將台灣細辛屬植物處理為13個分類群，此13個分類群如下：白斑細辛 (A. albomaculatum Hayata)，罈花細辛 (A. ampulliflorum C. T. Lu)，薄葉細辛 (A. caudigerum Hance)，插天山細辛 (A. chatienshanianum C. T. Lu)，鴛鴦湖細辛 (A. crassusepalum S. F. Huang, T. H. Hsieh & T. C. Huang)，上花細辛 (A. epigynum Hayata)，下花細辛 (A. hypogynum Hayata)，大花細辛 (A. macranthum Hook)，太平山細辛 (A. taipingshanianum S. F. Huang, T. H. Hsieh & T. C. Huang)，大屯細辛 (A. taitonense Hayata)，太魯閣細辛 (A. tarokoense C. T. Lu)，大武細辛 (A. tawushanianum C. T. Lu)及神秘湖細辛 (A. villisepalum C. T. Lu)。其中除將被Huang et al. (1995)併入大花細辛 (A. macranthum Hook)的白斑細辛 (A. albomaculatum Hayata)及大屯細辛 (A. taitonense Hayata)加以分開；將裡紫細辛 (A. infrapurpureum Hayata)併入大屯細辛 (A. taitonense Hayata)。另外發現5個新種：罈花細辛 (A. ampulliflorum C. T. Lu)，插天山細辛 (A. chatienshanianum C. T. Lu)，(A. tarokoense C. T. Lu)，大武細辛 (A. tawushanianum C. T. Lu)及神秘湖細辛 (A. villisepalum C. T. Lu)。

關鍵字

分類 ； 細辛屬 ； 花粉學 ； 地理分布 ； 細胞分類 ； 台灣

並列摘要

The genus Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) in Taiwan was taxonomically revised based on morphological, palynological, cytotaxonomical and phytogeographical studies. Styles morphology, stigma position, sepal morphology, and ornamentation of the inner wall of the calyx-tube are shown to be valuable for the classification of Taiwan species. Annual growth module and calyx-tube shape also provide useful information. The pollen grains show variable on the micromorpholoy of the exine sculpture in some, but not all taxa. All taxa of Taiwan, except Asarum epigynum (2n=12), have the same chromosome numbers (2n=24). Karyotype of most Taiwanese taxa except A. epigynum, are with very similar symmetrical characterized by two pair large and one pair small ones. Geographically, most species in Taiwan are narrowly distributed in local range. Most of them are found in the northeast climate area.
As a result of above studies, thirteen taxa, including five species (A. ampulliflorum C. T. Lu, A. chatienshanianum C. T. Lu, A. tarokoense C. T. Lu and A. villisepalum C. T. Lu), are recognized. This treatment differs from the revised of Huang et al. (1995) in the following: A. albomaculatum Hayata and A. taitonense Hayata that were previously reduced to synonym of A. macranthum Hook, are now treated as distinct. A. infrapurpureum Hayata is now treated as the synonym of A. taitonense Hayata.

並列關鍵字

Taxonomy ； Asarum ； palynology ； phytogeography ； cytotaxonomy ； Taiwan

參考文獻

Huang, S. F., T. H. Hsieh, and T. C. Huang. 1995. Notes on the Flora of Taiwan (21) --- The Genus Asarum L. (Aristolochiaceae). Taiwania 40 (2): 91- 120.

Masamune, G. 1940. Miscellaneous notes on the Flora of the eastern Asia ⅩⅥ. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Form. 30: 36.

Masamune, G. 1954. Aristolochiaceae. In A List of Vascular Plants of Taiwan. pp. 48- 49.

Ying, S. S. 1990. Miscellaneous note on the Flora of Taiwan ⅩⅢ. Mem. Coll. Agr., Natl. Taiwan Unvi. 30 (2): 53- 72.

Ying, S. S. 1991. Miscellaneous note on the Flora of Taiwan ⅩⅣ. Mem. Coll. Agr., Natl. Taiwan Unvi. 31 (1): 18- 39.