中文反身代名詞

Chinese Reflexives Revisited--from Syntax to Pragmatics

葉惠珠(Hui-Chu Emma Yeh)

指導教授 ： 陳純音教授

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/英語學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

中文的反身代名詞以長距離約束和主格�所有格的用法為特點，因此它的先行語多半不是一個位在反身代名詞所處最小命題範圍內的一個論元。基於這樣的原因，本文指出如果一個反身代名詞在所處的最小命題範圍內有一個明確的論元，它就受這論元約束而表現出內部約束的現象；但是如果它在所處的最小命題範圍內沒有一個論元可選做它的先行語，它便可以擺脫內部約束的原則──它不再是受論元約束，而是受一個子句的中心詞約束。文獻上指出子句的中心詞可以從上一層子句中或從話語中解讀它的名詞特徵（人稱）；如果是如此，那麼受子句中心詞約束的反身代名詞便可以間接的指到上一層子句或句子外的話語單位，因而表現出長距離約束。有了這兩種約束（論元約束和子句中心詞約束），我們可以解釋中、英文在反身代名詞使用上的差別：英文的反身代名詞多是受論元約束，因此多表現出內部約束，然而中文的反身代名詞多是受一個子句的中心詞約束，故可以有長距離約束。至於為何中文的複合反身代名詞“他自己”，不同於“自己”，通常受內部約束？本文指出這是由於會話的蘊含。使用“他自己”在態度上蘊含著強調的意思，而這樣的意思多鼓勵近距離約束的解讀。

關鍵字

約束理論 ； 長距離約束 ； 內部約束 ； 論元約束 ； 子句中心詞約束 ； pro省略語言 ； 會話的蘊含 ； 方式原則

並列摘要

The Chinese reflexive is characterized by long-distance binding and nominative/possessive uses. So often the antecedent and the reflexive are not coarguments of the minimal propositional domain. Motivated by such cases, this thesis thus argues that the possibility for a reflexive to escape from the locality constraint stated in Chomsky’s (1981) Principle A of Binding theory is related to the fact that the reflexive has no less oblique coargument to refer to. If a reflexive is not coargument-bound, it is Infl-bound. It is shown that an Infl may inherit its nominal features, which it can pass onto the reflexive it binds, from a superordinate linguistic context or from the discourse. As Infl is identified outside the local clause domain, an Infl-bound reflexive may hence exhibit long-distance binding. Given the distinction of the two types of binding, the differences between Chinese and English are predicted: English reflexives are mostly coargument-bound, so they are generally locally confined, whereas in Chinese Infl-binding is always applied (due to the pro-drop possibility and the pervasive subject use of the reflexives), so the reflexives may refer to a remote antecedent. As for the fact that the compound reflexive in Chinese usually requires a local antecedent, I suggest it follow from a theory of implicature in pragmatics. The use of ta-ziji M(anner)-implicates an emphatic reading, which thus encourages a local coreferential interpretation.

並列關鍵字

Binding theory ； long-distance binding ； local binding ； coargument-binding ； Infl-binding ； pro-drop languages ； conversational implicature ； M(anner)-principle

參考文獻

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