台北市立國民中小學校特殊教育經費運用績效之研究

黃松本(Sung-Pen Huang)

指導教授 ： 蓋浙生

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討我國自八十六年修正通過「特殊教育法」後，台北市立國民中小學校身障班在經費運用，是否有績效。
探討問題包括：
一、學校對年度特教經費分配運用，支援教學是否滿意而有績效。
二、學校身障班教師，對學校經費支援教學活動是否滿意而有績效。
三、學生家長，對學校提供學習環境是否滿意而有績效。
本研究方法採問卷調查及深度訪談調查法。問卷調查取樣對象，依台北市八十九會計年度（民88.07.01-民89.12.31）市立國民中小學校年度特教經費在350萬元以上學校行政人員（校長80人、輔導主任114人、會計主任68人、特教組長122人）、特教教師（512人）、特教學生家長（499人），以隨機取樣方式，進行問卷調查，調查結果以百分比、卡方檢驗，進行統計分析；同時深度訪談特教學者、特教行政業務主管、熱忱特教工作者，進行深度調查訪問。
根據研究，主要發現如下：
一、校長、主任、組長對整體特教經費運用，支援教學滿意而有績效。
二、經費編列
（一）採班級數作編列經費基本數及器材維修費運用，會計主任、特教組長較低滿意及保留態度外，其他行政人員較高滿意度比率。
（二）對校園無障礙設施經費統編在教育局，學校行政人員及家長認為運用較不方便。
（三）對政府訂定標準公式編列特教經費，多數行政人員較傾向保留態度，待相關單位進一步研究。
三、教師對經費支援教學需要，多數教師較保留態度（無意見30%），待相關單位進一步研究。
四、教師對教材編訂，認為教師自訂較省經費，惟共同性或專業性的教材，得委託特教資源中心或特教學術研究機構編訂。
五、家長對學校提供學習環境滿意度高達80%。
研究者根據文獻分析及研究發現，提出下列各項建議：
一、對教育行政單位的建議
（一） 校園無障礙設施經費，應由各校視實際需求編列在年度預算中。
（二） 各校經費編列應以設置障礙班類別、學生人數、障礙程度訂定經費編列標準公式，以達經費運用績效。
（三） 充實特教資源中心經費，設置特教專業人員，協助教學與輔導。落實教學評鑑，有效監督經費運用。
二、對學校行政單位的建議
（一） 經費運用開誠佈公，避免誤解和疑慮並增設專用電腦教室加強學生技能訓練。
（二） 身障班學生上課，儘量方便師生上課，考試評量特別設計，減少學生學習挫折。
三、對家長的建議
（一） 尊重教師教學專業，協助結合社會或社區資源，共同參與學生教學與輔導活動。
（二） 自動提早通報子女障礙情形，供學校早期介入，改善學生障礙。
四、對未來研究的建議
（一） 本研究理論基礎著重特教經費來源及運用概況，相關研究工具尚未建立，對經費運用之效能、效率、信度，有待再進一步研究。
（二） 本研究範圍調查問卷取樣及深度訪談對象，僅作台北市國中、小學校身障班未普及全面性學校、社區、社會人士觀點或意見，進行評析，提供更具體研究結果，有待更進一步研究。

關鍵字

特殊教育 ； 教育經費 ； 績效

並列摘要

Abstract
This research aims to discuss about the using of the funds to the disability classes whether are efficiency in elementary and junior high schools since the "Special Education Regulations and Clauses" has been established from 1997.
The main points are:
1. Are the schools satisfied and efficient to the arrangement of the yearly funds and the supplied teaching resources?
2. Are the teachers of the disability classes satisfied and efficient to the arrangement of the yearly funds and the supplied teaching resources?
3. Are the parents satisfied with the learning environment that is provided by the schools?
This research is based on the interviews and the questionnaires of which objects are mainly the administrative staffs of the schools that had accepted special education yearly funds (July, 99' ~ December 20') above NT$ 3,500,000. The aforesaid objects are included 80 Principles, 114 Chiefs of Counselling Centres, 68 Chiefs of Accounting, 122 Unit Leaders of Special Education, 512 Special Education Teachers, and 499 Students' Parents. And the questionnaires are set up by the random method. All the related results are analysed and statistics by the percent scale, and the card examination. Meanwhile, the deeply interviews on the scholiasts, the leaders, and the enthusiastic workers of Special Education are held for information collection.
According to the final results, the main discoveries are as follows:
1. The Principles, the Chiefs, and the Unit Leaders are mostly satisfied and feel efficient to the arrangement of the yearly funds and the supplied teaching resources.
2. About the Funds:
A. The ordinary administrative staffs have a higher satisfaction level than
the Chiefs of Accounting and the Unit Leaders on the topic of the using
of the funds arrangement on the facilities maintains and the numbers of
the special education classes.
B. The administrative staffs in the Education Bureau, and the schools, and
the parents feel not satisfied and inconvenient to the non-obstacle
environment in the schools.
C. Most of the administrative staffs rather have the observation attitude and
disagreement on the topic of the funds are accounted by formulas which
are given up by the government, and they hope the related bureaus can
make more and further researches on this topic.
3. Most of the Special Education Teachers rather have the observation attitude and disagreement on the topic about the funds on the supplementary teaching needs, and they hope the related bureaus can make further and more researches on this topic. (No common on this topic: 30%)
4. Most of the Special Education Teachers think that might save more money if they can make up the teaching materials on their own. However, the specialised and the common used materials should still have to be set up by the Resource Centres and the Institutes of Special Education.
5. 80% Parents are satisfied with the learning environment of the schools.
The researcher made the following proposes according to the analyses on the related documents and the researches.
1. To the educational administrative departments of the bureaus:
A. The funds of the non-obstacle environment should be made by the
actual needs of the schools, and it should be contained in the yearly
budget.
B. The accounting formulas of the arrangement should take the level of the
disability, the vary kinds of the special classes, and the number of the
students in account for achieving the best efficiency of the using of the
funds.
C. The Special Education Resource Centres should share more funds for
having more specialised workers to assistant the teaching program,
and to do more consultants. To ascertain the teaching evaluation for
achieving the best efficiency of the using of the funds.
2. To the educational administrative departments of the schools:
A. All the uses of the funds should be made known to the public for
avoiding the misunderstandings, and doubts. By the way, the funds
should be used for having more special computer classrooms to make
the students learn and practice more skills of living.
B. To design more out-door teaching programs for the physical disability
students, and let the students have the special evaluation ideas for
reducing the learning frustrations.
3. To the parents:
A. To respect the teachers' specialised field of teaching, to help and
combine the resources from the society or the neighbourhoods, and to
join the students' teaching and counselling activities.
B. To provide the children's disability information willingly and to let the
schools to help the students get improvement on the situations.
4. To the future researchers:
A. This research is based on the origin and the using of the special
education funds. The related researching tools haven't been built up.
The efficacy, the efficiency, and the level of trusty are still needed to
make further researches.
B. The objects to the interviews and the questionnaires in this research is
limited in Taipei City, which means the results are not popularised to all
kinds of schools, the members of this society, and the levels of this
society. Therefore, the further studies on this area are still waited to
be made.

參考文獻

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