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  • 學位論文

敦煌寫本思想類啟蒙教材研究

The Study of Mentality Initiation Book of the Treasure of Tunhuang

指導教授 : 周愚文博士
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摘要


本研究以唐五代時期,敦煌寫本思想類啟蒙教材為對象探討其在教育上的意含。首先,就可能讀此書的對象言,讀者的社會階層應是以基層的農家兒童為主,至於女童一般少有機會讀書識字。其次,關於敦煌寫本思想類啟蒙教材究竟將何種知識與何種價值觀念,傳遞給一般未讀經書的庶民兒童?則是本研究分析的重點。分析架構則分形式與內容兩方面,在形式上,分版本、作者與成書年代、形式與內容大要三部分說明。 在內容上,在知識領域的內容方面,對男子的要求,有學習的重要、教學的內容、求學的方法與態度、子女須受教等項;對女子的要求,則不認為女子可以讀書。在道德領域的內容方面,對全體的要求,歸納出要求孝、仁、禮、善、勤儉等五項德目;對不同性別的要求方面,對男子的道德要求部分,在說明男子為人臣應有的忠、諫、廉等德行。對女子的道德要求部分,包括謹言行、守貞節、柔順,柔順下含事夫、事父母公婆、和妯娌等。在應世智能領域的內容方面,對全體的要求,啟蒙教材中強調謙遜忍讓、隨遇而安、守本分、防患未然、言行儀節等五項;對不同性別的要求方面,關於要求男子要慎交游、戒財氣酒色、明夫妻相處之道等三項。對女子的要求部分,則分為習女紅、慎容儀、女嫁宜媒、教養子女等四項。 最後,分析評論敦煌寫本思想類啟蒙教材,在教育目的、教育方法與態度、教育內容上的優缺點,期望藉本研究的分析,對今日教育能有所借鑑與啟示。

關鍵字

敦煌 啟蒙教材 童蒙 性別教育

並列摘要


The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the content of reading material handwritten by schoolboys, which are collected in Treasure of Tunhuang. First, as far as the background of those who might read them is concerned with, most readers might those boys from a farming family, and however, girls had few chances to read and learn them. Second, what kind of knowledge and value were transmitted to those children who read? The conclusions drawn from these theses are as follows: (i)as to the domain of knowledge, female could not learn as male. (ii)as to the domain of morality, moral standard for all, those matins are the same with those exist traditionally in China; for male, emphasizing loyalty, admonishment, and incorruption; for female, emphasizing discreet in word and deed, chastity, and yielding. (iii)as to the domain of practice skill for life, the tolerance, preparation and precautions against a calamity required for all; for male, those are making friends, getting rid of avarice, arrogance, alcoholism and sex, harmony between husband and wife; for female, those are sewing, keeping appearance, educating sons and daughters, and needing a matchmaker when marrying. At last, those reading materials have both advantages and disadvantages among the arms, methods, attitude, and contents of education. Some implications have been drawn from this study.

並列關鍵字

Tunhuang initiation book children gender education

參考文獻


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