馬克•吐溫《哈克歷險記》之中譯與評析

Translation and Commentary of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

林孺妤(Sophie Ju-yu Lin)

指導教授 ： 張郇慧

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/翻譯研究所/碩士(2000年)

摘要

本論文分為兩部分。第一部分為筆者翻譯馬克•吐溫所著《哈克歷險記》第一至第十三章之後，針對譯文所做的自我評析，第二部分則為該十三章的譯文。自我評析的部分，筆者比較自己與另外四家的譯文，討論這部小說受人褒貶不一的語言特色，如何在中譯的過程中予以保留。相對於標準英語而言，《哈克歷險記》的主角哈克與黑人吉姆的語言，都是「不標準」的方言英語，因而當時有人指責這部小說充滿「有系統的文法錯誤」與「粗俗野蠻的方言語彙」；筆者於第一部分討論「方言英語」與「標準英語」的差異，如何在中文譯本裡表現，並兼顧譯文的可讀性。此外，《哈克歷險記》係以第一人稱寫成，哈克成了說故事的人；筆者希望中譯本能夠像是「會說中文的哈克」在用中文「說」故事，因此自我評析部分亦舉出筆者欲達成該目標所採用的風格。

關鍵字

翻譯 ； 語言風格 ； 方言英語 ； 黑人英語 ； 時貌標記「有」 ； 中文連詞「然後」 ； 台語借詞 ； 台語文字化

並列摘要

This paper consists of two parts. The first part is the commentary of my translation of the first thirteen chapters of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The second part is the translation. In the commentary, I compare my translation with four others, discussing how translators can keep the novel’s language styles, which have been both condemned and praised, while translating the work into Chinese language. As far as Standard English is concerned, the languages of the novel’s characters, Huck and Jim the nigger, are considered non-standard; hence the work was once accused of being full of “systematic use of bad grammar” and “inelegant, rough, ignorant dialect expressions.” Accordingly, how to show the differences between Standard English and dialect English in the translated Chinese work while maintaining its readability is discussed in the first part. In addition, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is written in the first person, with Huck the outcast boy as the narrator. I thus tried to make the translated text a story retold by a Chinese-speaking Huck. The approaches I adopted to achieve this goal are also discussed in the first part.

並列關鍵字

translation ； language style ； dialect English ； black English ； aspect marker "you" ； Chinese connective "ranhou" ； Taiwanese loan words ； written Taiwanese

參考文獻

Anderson, Frederick, ed. Mark Twain: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971.

Kaplan, Justin. Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: a Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, c1966.

Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (An Authoritative Text Backgrounds and Sources Criticism), 2nd ed. London: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1977.

Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Afterword by Doyno, Victor A.). New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Afterword by Kazin, Alfred). New York: Bantam Books, 1981.