青少年的親子關係與共依附特質之相關研究

The Study on Relationship Between Adolescents' Parent-Child Relationship and Codependency.

蔡淑鈴(Shwu-Ling Tsai)

指導教授 ： 吳麗娟

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2001年)

摘要

本研究旨在了解高中、職青少年的親子關係與共依附特質的關係。分別探討是否處於長期家庭壓力中的青少年及不同性別青少年的共依附情形、不同性別青少年與不同親別的親子關係，以及不同性別青少年的親子關係與其共依附特質的關係。研究對象為台北縣、市23所高中、高職的一年級至三年級學生，男生291名，女生432名，共計723名。本研究以問卷調查法進行資料搜集，使用工具包括「親子關係量表」與「共依附量表」。所得資料以次數分配、t考驗、二因子變異數分析、典型相關等統計方法進行資料分析。本研究結果如下：
一、處於長期家庭壓力中的青少年在共依附特質的總分，及共依附特質中的「無法表達情感」與「認同照顧者角色」的得分，高於未處於長期家庭壓力中的青少年的得分。而共依附特質中的「以他人為焦點」與「透過關係獲得意義感」的得分，二者則無差異。
二、男生青少年在共依附特質的總分，及共依附特質中的「以他人為焦點」、「無法表達情感」、「認同照顧者角色」的得分，高於女生青少年的得分。而共依附特質中的「透過關係獲得意義感」的得分，則是女生高於男生。
三、不同性別青少年與不同親別在親子關係中的「依附感」、「敬佩感」、「知心感」、「工具功能」上，有交互作用存在；在「回報壓力」、「負向情感」、「缺乏自主感」、「被重視感」、「一體感」上，則無交互作用。
四、不同性別青少年的親子關係與共依附特質有典型相關存在。
（一）男生青少年有二組達顯著水準的相關組型：
1. 男生青少年在父親及母親親子關係中知覺到的「負向情感」、「缺乏自主感」與對母親親子關係中的「回報壓力」得分愈高，則其共依附特質愈高。
2. 男生青少年在父親親子關係中知覺到的「依附感」與「知心感」得分愈高，則其共依附特質中的「無法表達情感」得分愈低，「以他人為焦點」得分愈高。
（二）女生青少年有二組達顯著水準的相關組型：
1. 女生青少年在父親及母親親子關係中知覺到的「負向情感」、「缺乏自主感」與「回報壓力」得分愈高，則其共依附特質愈高。
2. 女生青少年在父親親子關係中知覺到的「工具功能」得分愈高，則其共依附特質中的「認同照顧者角色」得分愈低。
最後根據本研究結果進行討論，並提供建議做為青少年輔導、親職教育與未來研究上的參考。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 親子關係 ； 共依附 ； 性別 ； 親子 ； 中學生

並列摘要

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships of codependency and chronic family stress, adolescents' genders and adolescents' parent-child relationship. The sample consisted of 723 students from the first to third year of 23 senior high schools in Taipei, Taiwan (291 males,432 females). Instruments used in this study included Parent-Child Relationship Scale and Codependency Assessment Scale. Data obtained
in this study were analyzed by frequency distribution, t-test, two-way analysis of variance and canonical correlational analysis.
The main findings were as follows:
1.Adolescents with chronic family stress vis-a-vis those without family stress had a higher degree of codependency and codependency characteristics such as lack of open expression of feelings and identified caretaking activities than other adolescents. No differences between adolescents with and without family stress were found for codependency characteristics such as putting the focus outside of self and capturing a sense of purpose through relationships with others.
2.Males had a higher degree of codependency and codependency characteristics such as putting the focus outside of self, lack of open expression of feelings and identified caretaking activities than females. Females had a higher degree of codependency characteristic that is captured with a sense of purpose through relationships with others.
3.Adolescents' genders and parents' genders had interaction effects on the sense of attachment , the sense of admiration, the sense of being understood, and the instrumental function in the parent-child relationships. There were no interaction effects on the stress of reciprocation, negative affect, lack of the sense of autonomy, the sense of being valued, and the sense of unity in the parent-child relationships.
4.There were relationships between adolescents' parent-child relationships and their codependency:
(1) Males' parent-child relationships were significantly related to their codependency.
(a) The first canonical function indicated that when males sensed more negative affections and lack of the sense of autonomy in parent-child relationships, and sensed more of the stress of reciprocation in mother-child relationships, then males had a higher degree of codependency.
(b)The second canonical function indicated that when males sensed more the sense of attachment and the sense of being understood in father-child relationships, then males had a higher degree of putting the focus outside of self, and a lower degree of lack of open expression of feelings.
(2) Females' parent-child relationships were significantly related to their codependency.
(a)The first canonical function indicated that when females sensed more negative affect, lack of the sense of autonomy, and the stress of reciprocation in parent-child relationships, then females had a higher degree of codependency.
(b)The second canonical function indicated that when females sensed more the instrumental function in father-child relationships, then females had a lower degree of identified caretaking activities.
Finally, implication of the study for guidance of adolescents, education of parents, and future research were proposed.

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