分流教育下高職學生的處境：十二位高職學生之生命史研究

The circumstance of vocational high school students in streaming educational system: life history research of twelve vocational high school students

江淑真(Shu-Chen Chiang)

指導教授 ： 王麗雲

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2001年)

摘要

本文主旨在探討結構底下的個人處境，以後期中等教育階段的高職學生為對象，藉以了解在過往普通與技職體系3:7的既定人數比例下，有哪些會影響個人在各求學階段的教育選擇，而其生命中的學校教育與文憑又對其生命經驗與機會產生什麼樣的影響。本文貢獻除了詮釋結構限制下的個人因應─高職學生對於學校教育經驗之主觀意義、影響該意義詮釋的因素、探討個人與結構之互動外，亦提醒教育人員關注個別受教育者之主體性。
本研究採取生命史研究的角度，針對屬於不同階級地位，最高學歷各為高職、二專以及大學以上者之十二位男女進行生命史訪談。研究結果如下：對於該時期不同階級地位的男女高職學生而言，後期中等教育階段之三種學校類型比例的懸殊、公私立學校類型的懸殊、高職學生在升學進路上的狹窄以及國中分班制度皆會影響其教育選擇。此外，在性別與階級因素方面，女性擁有較低的教育期望與教育選擇；經濟資本與社會資本會影響該時期高職學生的教育選擇，但社會資本並不受限於經濟條件；文化資本方面，本研究無法獲得充足的證據加以探討。關於個人突破結構的關鍵因素，源自個人力量的抗拒或欲望大多來自實際職場的遭遇﹔至於未能突破之因素，則多與職場上的工作順遂相關。學校教育對於高職學生個人生命經驗與機會的影響，有所謂自我提昇、開闊眼界的窗口等向上流動的功能，對於停留於高職階段者而言，則討論職場篩選下的限制情況。對於學校教育與文憑功能的說法，可見到功能論與衝突論均並陳於本研究結果﹔尤其文憑的效用更是在個人尋找初職以及轉業時最具影響力。
關鍵字：分流教育
高職學生
生命史研究

關鍵字

分流教育 ； 高職學生 ； 生命史研究

並列摘要

The main purpose of the research is to investigate individuals under structure constraint, and to understand how structural factors like the ratio of 3 to 7 in senior-high secondary education, gender, social class, or other factors influencing vocational high school students’ educational options in schooling. The research helps us understand one’s response to structure constraints, how vocational high school students’ feeling about schooling, as well as the factors that shape such feeling. Besides, the research helps educators appreciate the subjectivity of individual student.
This research applied life history method. Six male and six female graduated with different educational destinations, vocational high school, two-year college and college degrees were chosen to be the interviewees. Findings show that: the ratio of three types of schools in the senior-high secondary education, the disparity between public and private schools, the limited access to higher education, and the tracking system in junior high school influenced students’ educational choice. Besides, female had lower educational expectation and lower options than male did. Economic and social capital affected vocational high school students’ options in this research. However, social capital wasn’t limited by economic situation. For culture capital, the research didn’t find enough evidence for discussing. One’s experiences at work rendered power of resistance or volition to structural constraints. Those who enjoyed the stability of their first job were less likely to more up in educational ladder. Schooling is described as having up-mobility functions like self-proofs, eye-opening windows. For the ones with vocational high school degree, diploma did screening them out in transferring job. Functional theory and conflict theory both can explain the function of schooling and diploma. Diploma reveals a substantial impact when individuals seeking for the first job and making job transferring.
Keywords: vocational students, streaming, life history

並列關鍵字

vocational students ； streaming ； life history

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