古柏坦的奧林匹克思想析論 摘要 研究生:劉進枰 指導教授:蔡禎雄 完稿日:2002.7 古柏坦的奧林匹克思想,對現代奧運會的發展有著深刻的影響,筆者以人物思想的研究方法入手,除了究明其思想內容外,還以批判的角度加以評析,最後獲得以下的結論: 一. 19世紀末期的人文思潮、帝國主義、資本主義、身體意識、科技、現代化的體育運動等,為復興現代奧運會提供必要的基礎。 二.古柏坦的奧林匹克思想,源於他生長的環境。這包括:貴族的血統、與英式運動教育的接觸、古代奧運會歷史的啟發等因素。 三.古柏坦以民族主義為核心,加上藝術之美,為運動員創造一個美與尊崇的運動(Sport)殿堂。 四.古柏坦無意間落入帝國主義與階級劃分的陷阱之中, 因為:其一,他站在西方的立場,宣揚他們的運動文化。其二,奧運會的競爭特質,提供了帝國主義者的溫床。其三,他為NOC和IOC之間,設計了不平等的支配關係;其四,他設定非業餘者和婦女,不得進入奧運會。 五.古柏坦的奧林匹克思想,由於存在著許多的矛盾和不切實際,因此,它並不是一種嚴謹的學問。 六.IOC和世人應更務實地面對實際的世界,尊重各國家的運動文化、放棄教條、IOC委員應由各NOC產生等,才能使奧運會朝更全球化、更務實的方向前進。 關鍵字:古柏坦,國際奧會,奧林匹克,思想,運動
Analyzing Pierre de Coubertin’s thought about Olympic Student:Chin-Ping Liu Professor:Jen-Siung Tsai Finishing Date:2002/7 Abstract Coubertin’s thought about Olympic had great influence on the development of the Olympic Games. The methodology the author adapts is personage thinking, and the author not only explicates the thought but analyzes from a critic angel. There comes the following conclusion: 1.Phyilosophy, imperialism, capitalism, body awareness, technology, and modernized sports in late 1900s have constructed the essential base to revive the Olympic Games. 2.Coubertin’s thought about Olympic derived from his background, and this included his blue blood, access to the English sport education and enlightenment from the history of the ancient Olympic Games. 3.Coubertin created a beautiful and esteemed sport palace by combining nationalism and the beauty of art. 4.Coubertin unknowingly fell into the trap of imperialism and class division. This was because: first, he advocated the Western sport culture from their standpoint; second, the competitive character of the Olympic Games provided a breeding ground for imperialists; third, he devised an unequal dominance relationship between NOC and IOC; and fourth, he forbade non-amateurs and women participating in the Olympic Games. 5.Coubertin’s thought about Olympic is not a kind of precise knowledge because of there existing lots of contradictions and unrealistic thoughts. 6. IOC and all people in the world should face the real world more pragmatically, respect every country’s sport culture and abandon dogmas, and the IOC should be consisted of NOCs. By achieving those, the IOC will advance toward a more globalized and more realistic realm. Keywords: Coubertin, IOC, Olympic, thought, sport