台灣電影映演市場的產值相當高,名列好萊塢海外十大市場之一。通路是產品的生命線,只要掌握通路就能贏得優勢,對於電影而言,影片的生命線就是電影映演通路,沒有映演通路也就沒有電影票房。因此,電影映演通路影響電影檔期與電影票房的表現。 過去國內相關研究多從政治經濟學或產業經濟學角度出發,尚無文獻從行銷角度探討國內電影映演通路中的成員關係。本研究嘗試探討發行商與映演商之間的映演通路現象,以了解映演通路成員關係。因此,本研究從交易成本理論著手,研究發行商資產特殊性與映演商資產特殊性,和發行商通路權力以及映演商通路依存度之間的關聯性,並探究發行商通路權力與映演商通路依存度和通路衝突之間有何關聯。 本研究以全台北市的23家首輪電影映演商為研究對象,共回收19份有效問卷,問卷回收率為82.6﹪。研究結果顯示,發行商資產特殊性提高映演商對發行商的通路依存度,發行商的資產特殊性越高,映演商就越依賴發行商。此外,映演商的通路依賴容易引發通路衝突,當映演商對發行商的通路依賴越大,映演商與發行商之間越容易發生通路衝突。 在首輪電影映演通路中,當發行商的資產特殊性越高,映演商的通路依賴就越大,因此發行商可經由提高資產特殊性與獎賞權,以穩固其與映演商之間的交易關係。再者,映演商的通路依賴越大,發行商與映演商之間就越容易出現通路衝突,所以映演商必須降低其對發行商的通路依賴,以減少雙方的通路衝突。此外,由於通路垂直整合並不會影響映演商對發行商的看法,因此發行商可以通路管理取代通路垂直整合,以建立更好的映演通路成員關係,達成雙贏的局面。
Marketing channel is critical for the success of motion pictures. For Taiwan being one of the top ten markets for Hollywood’s movies, the channel membership of Taiwan exhibition channel deserves much more attention from researchers. This analysis aims to find out the channel membership between distributors and exhibitors of movies in Taipei, which is the major and representative submarket in Taiwan. The research framework developed from Transaction Cost and Marketing Channel Theory will explore the relationship between transaction-specific assets, channel power, channel dependence, and channel conflict. To find out what are influential factors in exhibition channel. Our major findings are as follows. The major distributors for exhibitors in Taipei are the Hollywood Majors and some of they use vertical integration to form a movie conglomerate. Only one hypothesis of this research that the asset specificity of distributors is positively related to the channel dependence of exhibitors was supported. Therefore, distributors might have bargaining power over exhibitors because they own specific assets. Another significant finding is the dependence of exhibitors is positively related to the conflict within exhibition channel. Consequently, exhibitors have to reduce their dependence on distributors in order to detract the conflict within movie channels. The research also indicates that whether exhibitors are vertically integrated by the distributors or not, they do not change their point of view about distributors. As a result, distributors should improve the channel membership by relationship management instead of vertical integration.