四百公尺跑分段速度步態分析

The study on 400-meters running gaits

吳文宏(Wu-wien-hon)

指導教授 ： 許樹淵

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

本研究是以師範大學甲組的十二位學生為受試者，以攝影機每秒60張影片，拍攝受試者在學校運動場之四百公尺跑的150公尺處及350公尺處之前後各5-10公尺之兩步跑步步態，再使用Kwon 3D之分析軟體，分析十二位受試者在這兩處步態的變化。
在本研究中發現：
1.在150公尺處與350公尺處之步速、步幅、起蹬距離、飛程距離、髖關節之著地角度、重心最高點、重心最低點等參數比較t考驗值均達P<0.05之顯著差異。
2.跑者在350公尺處之步速比較慢，雖是步頻與步幅同時降低、但主因仍是步幅;而步頻降低之原因是肇因於空中時間與地面時間的同時增加，以及步幅降低之原因則是起蹬距離與飛程的減少。
3. 150公尺處之與350公尺處之步幅、飛程、重心最高點、重心最低點達高相關。步頻、步速、每步時間、空中時間、著地之髖關節及踝關節角度、離地之膝關節角度離地瞬間的踝與膝-髖關節之部分相關值及膝關節與踝-髖關節之複相關值及髖關節與膝-踝關節角度之複相關值均為適度相關。

關鍵字

四百公尺跑 ； 步態 ； 步幅 ； 步頻

並列摘要

By means of Kwon 3D’s analysis software, we could analyze the differences between two points of gait, not far or less than 5 or 10 meters on the 150 and the 350 meters, in a 400 meter’s running in this thesis. Twelve subjects, college students studied in NTNU, were taken by a camera with the speed of 60 fields per second.
In this research, we found that:
When using t-test comparison method we found the P value changed significantly with running speed, stride length, take off distance, flight distance, landing distance, the highest and lowest point of the center of gravity on 150 and 350 meters running gaits.
Although the stride length and stride frequency were decreasing at the same time, the stride length was the main factor which causing the runners’ speeds become slowly in 350 meters. The decrease of stride frequency was due to the flight time and ground time increased at the same time and it was the reason why the decrease of take off distance and flight distance result in the decrease of stride length.
It had high correlations between the stride lengths, flight distance, and the highest and lowest of the center of gravity in the point of 150 and 350 meters. There were many factors which were related to: stride frequency, running speed, stride time, flight time, and ground time, landing hip angles, ankle angles and knee angles at the phase of taking off, ankle-knee.

並列關鍵字

400-meters running ； gait ； stride length ； stride frequency

參考文獻

許樹淵 (1989) ：不同距離跑相對耐力的探討。中華體育, 10, 1-5頁。

許樹淵 (1998) ：1997年世界田徑錦標賽短距離跑分段時間分析。中華體育季刊, 45, 121-130頁。

許樹淵 (1984) ：400公尺跑成績比較分析。中華體育季刊, 28, 83-86頁。

許樹淵 (1989) ：徑賽的量化教學。中華體育季刊, 9, 38-41頁。

許樹淵 (1984) ：400公尺欄成績預測程式之訂定。中華民國體育學會體育學報, 17, 191-196頁。