十九世紀末,西方文化勢力隨著武力的入侵而進入中國,在宗教使命與生活習慣等背景下,基督教青年會也直接或間接地引進了現代體育,進而開啟了風行全中國之歷史新頁;其後,運動(Sport)不僅成為民初學校體育與社會體育之主流,而且在國民政府統一全國之後,其所培育之本土人才亦持續領導著中國體育事業之發展,影響至為深遠。 有關基督教青年會為何以一民間社團的力量會對中國造成如此深遠的影響力,此即為本研究之動機之一;而何以一宗教信仰的力量會對中國造成如此重大的影響,此即為本研究之動機之二;又何以一外來的運動文化會對中國造成如此久長的貢獻,此即為本研究之動機之三。 本研究採取先廣蒐當時有關基督教青年會之中外史料,再加以詮釋、分析與研究,最後再歸納出結論,藉此探究其對近代中國體育事業本土化之影響。 研究結果得知,基督教青年會在近代中國推展體育事業,主要是標榜以提昇國民健康為目的,藉以達到全人教育的效果,並使德、智、體三育獲得均衡發展;但經進一步剖析,該會實際上係以體育活動為媒介而深入民間,與廣大民眾接觸(以吸收青年族群為主),進而藉機宣傳宗教理念,以達到「宣(輔)教」之外在目的。其次,基督教青年會在華發展一直是走向由中國人「自主」與「自立」的,故此一理念對日後體育事業的本土化歷程有著極其深切的影響。
At the end of the 19th century, the western culture power has entered into China followed by the military intrusion. With the background of religious mission and life custom, the YMCA succeeded in recommending the modern sports to China directly or indirectly, and then opened this new page to be in fashion all over China. Afterwards, sports have not only become the main events of physical education but also have the deep and far influences over the PE development guided by members who were nurtured by the government after the unification of KMT. The first motive of this study is to analyze why the YMCA, as a folk association, could make such tremendous influences over China. The second motive is to analyze why the power of religious belief could make enormous affects over China. And the third motive of this study is to analyze the reason for a foreign sports culture to make such permanent contribution to China. This study at first widely searches and collects historical data at home and abroad. Then the study explains, analyzes and researches all usable information. Finally, the study generalizes and concludes with the sports indigenization process influenced by sports brought in by the YMCA in the period of modern China. We can learn from the results of this study: the sports development popularized by the YMCA during the period of modern China was mainly emphasized on national health and achieving equilibrium of holistic education on spirit, mind, and body. However, as we can see from the further analysis, the YMCA actually used sports as a media to get into the public, aimed to the youth, to spread the religious thoughts to achieve missionary purposes. Moreover, the YMCA dedicated to sports development process toward the direction of liberty and independence of Chinese people. This idea consequently made the profound influences.