托育機構家長對幼兒發展認識之研究

The Understanding of Young Children’s Development From The Parents of Preschool

顧能莉

指導教授 ： 鍾志從

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究之研究目的在於瞭解托育機構家長對學齡前幼兒發展的認識狀況、並探討托育機構家長人口統計變項不同對學齡前幼兒發展認識的差異性。研究對象為373位家中育有三至六歲幼兒，並就讀公私立托育機構之幼兒家長，依機構收費高低狀況及人數比例，隨機抽樣立案托育機構共九所，委請園所方隨機代為發放問卷，有效回收率為74.6％。
研究方法依文獻探討之理論內容，編製「托育機構家長心目中的幼兒調查問卷」。藉由問卷收集家長對幼兒發展的瞭解之資料，再以SPSS15.0套裝軟體進行資料處理和分析，以人數百分比及平均數、標準差、t考驗、單因子變異數分析考驗、Bonferroni法做事後比較，瞭解托育機構家長對學齡前幼兒的發展的認識狀況、以及托育機構家長性別、教育程度、職業，養育不同幼兒年齡、性別、排行對發展認識的差異性。研究結果如下：
一、本研究受試家長在身體動作發展、認知語言發展、心理社會發展各領域，除了少數幾個主題，例如：精細動作、幼兒認知特徵之保留概念、空間概念、整體學習、氣質…等，所知較模糊外，受試家長對幼兒的發展認識平均是具有一定的水準，已有一般的瞭解。
二、本研究發現，受試家長對幼兒之身體動作、認知語言發展知識之瞭解，不因個人在家中扮演的親職別（父親或母親）有所差異。心理社會發展領域則是母親對於幼兒心理社會發展知識高於父親。
三、家中養育的幼兒是男生或女生，或是獨生子女、老大、老二..等不同排行狀況，或是家中養育幼兒年齡層不同，皆對家長是否有較多發展知識並沒有影響。表示家長並不因為教養幼兒之性別、年齡及排行的不同，對幼兒發展的知識多寡有所不同。
四、受試家長對幼兒發展知識之瞭解，會因教育程度不同而有所差異，教育程度愈高得分愈高，表示對幼兒發展的認識愈好。
五、家長對幼兒身體動作和認知語言發展領域知識之瞭解，會因家長職業類別不同而有所差異，從事行政管理及專業人員、技術員職業類別的受試家長對幼兒發展知識之瞭解，較事務工作、服務人員家長職業類別為佳。相較之下，家庭主婦、無業或從事體力工作職業類別的家長認知則較不理想。

關鍵字

托育機構 ； 幼兒發展 ； 家長

並列摘要

The purpose of the study is to identify the recognition of preschooler’s parents toward the child’s development, and investigate the parents’ perception and its differentia between the variable of vital statistics. Study objects are 373 of parents who had 3 to 6 year-old that enrolled the public or private preschool and daycare centers. According to the range of tuition and size of enrollment, we sampled 9 of those registered facilities by random. With the faculty’s assistance, there were 500 questionnaires delivered and the effective reclaim rate was 74.6%.
The study method was designed according to documentary framework and compiled the questionnaire “How do preschooler’s parents perceive their children development?”. With the information accumulated by the questionnaires, we categorized and analyzed the data by SPSS15.0, then cross-exam the statistics percent, average value, standard differentia, t-test and single variable, And final cross-exam Bonferroni methodology, to realize how much pre-schooner’s parents perceive their child’s development. With regard to the parents’ genders, education background, profession, occupation, and the regard of preschool’s age, genders, the their birth sequences. And the results of the study are as following :

A, The parents had developed certain level of recognition toward their children’s mobility development, language acquisition, social development, except few such as fine movement, space recognition, characteristic was not well received.

B, According to this study, respondents’ reflection of preschooler movement, language recognition development was free from the parenting role in his/her family. The psychological society develops the domain is the mother develops the knowledge regarding the baby psychology society to be higher than the father.

C, The birth sequence, gender or the other child in the family, was not affect the parent’s recognition. In other words, the parents efforts was not any different by the factor of gender, age of the birth sequence.

D, The parent’s recognition toward their children was different according to their educational background. The more parent’s been educated, the more they learnt about their child’s development.

E, The parents’ occupation caused them perceive differently toward their child’s motion development, language acquisition, etc., The parents who work as administration, management and professional has extended better concepts toward child’s development than those who provide service profession. In comparison to the house-wife, unemployed or labor who were not able to develop their concept as good as expected.

並列關鍵字

preschool ； early childhood development ； parents

參考文獻

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徐澄清（民88）。因材施教：氣質與兒童發展。台北：健康世界。

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