台北市高中職學生人格特質、生活壓力、憂鬱程度與吸菸行為的相關研究

Study of the Correlation between the Personality Traits, Life Stress and Level of Depression of Taipei City High School and Vocational High School Students and Their Smoking Behavior

蔡宛珊(Wan-Shan Tsai)

指導教授 ： 陳政友

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/健康促進與衛生教育學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究以橫斷性調查研究法，來分析高中職學生人格特質、生活壓力、憂鬱程度與吸菸行為是否有相關存在，以分層集束隨機抽樣方式，選擇九十六學年度第一學期在學的日間部之高一至高三的高中職學生為研究對象，共1082人。重要結果歸納如下：
一、研究對象之人格特質較外向性，情緒趨近穩定性，遵守社會常規，並符合社會期許的行為表現。整體來說，研究對象的人格特質是能夠適應整體環境並展現其獨特個性。另外，研究對象中，女生比男生較外向與神經質，而男生的社會期許則較女生高；高職生比高中生較外向；三年級學生比二年級學生較有精神病質。
二、研究對象之生活壓力屬於中等程度，其中壓力較大的前三項為學習壓力、自我期許壓力及校園生活壓力。另外，研究對象中，男生比女生有較高的兩性情感壓力，而女生則比男生有較高的學習、自我期許及生長發育的壓力；高職生比高中生有較高的校園生活和經濟壓力，而高中生則比高職生有較高的自我期許壓力；低社經地位學生比中社經地位及高社經地位學生有較高的經濟壓力。
三、研究對象中憂鬱症的危險群佔27.2％。另外，研究對象中，高中生比高職生有較高的情緒和行為憂鬱；三年級學生比一年級及二年級學生有較高的情緒、生理、行為和認知憂鬱。若以整體憂鬱程度來看，高中生高於高職生，三年級學生高於一、二年級學生。
四、研究對象吸菸率占11.7％，其中男生吸菸率高於女生；高職生吸菸率高於高中生；三年級學生吸菸率高於二年級學生；高社經地位學生吸菸率高於低社經地位學生。此外，愈具有外向性、精神病質、社會期許人格特質者；生活壓力總分、家庭及家人相處壓力、經濟壓力愈大者；憂鬱總分、情緒、生理、行為、認知愈高者，愈會傾向吸菸。
五、在社會人口學變項加以控制之後，研究對象的人格特質、生活壓力、憂鬱程度能有意義的預測其吸菸行為，其中又以外向性人格特質、經濟壓力及生理憂鬱三個變項，對吸菸行為的影響最大。人格特質愈外向者、經濟壓力愈大者、生理憂鬱愈高者，愈會傾向去吸菸。
依據研究結果，本研究乃針對教育方面、未來相關研究提出若干建議，以作為未來有關青少年人格特質、生活壓力、憂鬱程度、吸菸行為相關研究之參考。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 人格特質 ； 生活壓力 ； 憂鬱程度 ； 吸菸行為

並列摘要

This study uses the cross-sectional survey method to determine whether the interaction between the personality traits, life stress and the depression level of vocational high school students will foster the prevalence of smoking behavior. By using the stratified-cluster random sampling method, first-year to third-year vocational high school students in academic year of ninety-six who are in their first semester, were picked for this study, with a total sample size of 1,082 students. The main findings are listed below:

1.Test subjects generally possess extroverted personality, are emotionally stable, display conformity to society norms, and reveal behavior that meets society’s expectations. In general, the personality traits of test subjects are able to adapt to the environment, while at the same time, able to develop into unique individual personalities. This study also reveals that in comparison: neuroticism and extroverted personality are found in more females than males; males are more likely to display social conformity than females; extroverted personality is found in more vocational high school students than high school students; and third-year students score higher in neuroticism than second-year students.
2.Test subjects face moderate stress levels during the time of this study, and the three main sources of stress were: academic stress, stress from meeting personal expectations, and stress from campus life. In addition, this study reveals that males face greater amount of stress from romantic relationships as compared to females; while females face greater amount of stress due to the need for self-improvement and self-development, and as well as meeting self-expectations; vocational high school students face greater amount of stress from campus life and economic as compared to high school students, while high school students face greater amount of stress from self-expectations as compared to vocational high school students; and students with low socio-economical status face greater economic stress as compared to students with mid-level or high socio-economical status.
3.27.2% of the test subjects faced risk of depression. In addition, among the test subjects, high school students showed more signs of emotional and behavioral depression than vocational high school students; while third year students showed more signs of emotional, physical, behavioral and cognitive depression than their juniors. By comparing the overall level of depression, this study found out that high school students suffer higher levels of depression than vocational high school students, while third year students suffer a higher levels of depression than their juniors.
4.11.7% of the test subjects do smoke with higher occurrence in: males than females, vocational high students than high school students, third year students than second year students, and students with high socio-economical status than students with low socio-economical status. In addition, individuals who possess extroverted personality, score higher in neuroticism, with higher tendency to conform with social norms; together with individuals who face greater overall amount of life stress, family stress, economic stress; together with individuals with higher overall level of emotional, physical, behavioural and cognitive depression, will have higher tendency to smoke.
5.Under the control of social population variable and by using the test subjects’ extroverted personality, level of life stress and depression, it enables a meaningful prediction of their smoking behavior. This study shows that extroverted personality, economic stress and physical depression have the greatest influence in smoking behavior. Individuals, who are more extroverted, faced with greater economic stress and possess higher levels of physical depression, will have higher tendency to smoke.

The findings of this study will serve as a guideline for education, and is able to act as a reference for future studies on the personality trait, life stress, depression level, and smoking behavior of adolescents.

並列關鍵字

adolescents ； personality trait ； life stress ； depression level ； smoking behavior

參考文獻

李景美、張鳳琴、賴香如、李碧霞、陳雯昭（2002）。臺北縣市高職一年級學生成癮物質濫用之危險與保護因子研究。衛生教育學報，17，73-88。

周碧瑟、劉美援、張鴻仁（1997）。台灣在校青少年對生活人權的認知與行為之現況以及與吸菸、喝酒的相關之探討。台北縣：人權教育基金會。

林誼杰（2002）。電玩成癮傾向及其相關因素研究。未出版碩士論文，中原大學心理學研究所，桃園縣。

張高賓（2000）。校園憂鬱症之輔導。師友，401，81-83。

陳政友（2001）。臺灣地區高中（職）與大專學生健康生活型態與相關因素研究。學校衛生，38，1-31。