當代的「騷孃舞墨」：凱洛琳．雪妮曼的《身體之眼》

Writing the body：Carolee Schneemann’s “Eye Body”

陳明青

指導教授 ： 劉俊蘭 博士

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/美術學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2007年)

摘要

中文摘要
凱洛琳．雪妮曼（1939~）是美國身體行為藝術先鋒藝術家，在1963年間，她運用自己的身體創作《身體之眼》，為女性身體行為藝術寫上開創性的一頁。
《身體之眼》作品所代表的不僅是雪妮曼藝術生涯的新局面，更是女性走出雄性文本藩籬的例證。《身體之眼》以女性身體書寫的方式，反擊陽物主體中心思維。筆者企圖參照美學、社會學、心理學與神話、宗教等相關的論述，討論雪妮曼的《身體之眼》，仔細深入推敲其作品的意義與深度，並探討她如何以自己的身體書寫女性的文本，建立女性對自己身體自覺為起點，並對女性身體的正視與身體的解放。
本文首先追溯雪妮曼《身體之眼》的創作動力，探討她如何受到塞尚的繪畫理論與波洛克的行動繪畫所影響。其次，本文從傳統視覺藝術圖像中探討女性身體意象的迷失，檢視雪妮曼如何挑戰禁忌，打破美女神話中的「唯美圖像」，試圖解構女性身體的虛幻印象。再者，雪妮曼如何以自身的裸體來創作，「走出畫布」，援引女巫、執蛇女神的圖像，凸顯女性的原始權力，企圖開創女性身體意象的疆土，則為本文接續討論的內容。
雪妮曼從《身體之眼》出發、且與《身體之眼》息息相關的其他作品，為本文繼而擴及的論述範疇。她開創女性身體自由的新紀元，尤其，女性自主權中的身體自主、女性性革命、身體書寫、自戀的議題，為本文聚焦的重點。
最後，本文總結雪妮曼的藝術創作在女性主義藝術史上的貢獻與價值：她的作品不僅啟動反省社會思考模式，以此激進手法質疑男性文本，試圖發展一套女性觀點去批叛宰制，從控訴女性身體被物化到收回自主權的藝術活動來顛覆男性美學，更從解構父權文化到建構女性的自主權。她的作品呼籲著女性正視自己的身體繼而尋求獨立自主的思考，自我發掘與自我肯定，力求共同創造兩性的和諧，尋求女性的真正價值。

關鍵字

裸體 ； 行動繪畫 ； 行為藝術 ； 身體藝術 ； 後女性主義 ； 自戀

並列摘要

Abstract
Carolee Schneemann was the pioneer of the American Performance Art in1960’s. She used her own body to perform her work Eye Body. And it was a new leaf of the female body Performance Art.
Eye Body is not only the turning point in Schneemann’s art career, but also the example of woman going beyond the male text. Eye Body , addressed with woman body, fights against the phallicism. I’ve used relevant studies which are taken from esthetics , sociology, psychology, mythology and religion, to further discuss Schneemann’s Eye Body , and try to look into the deeper meaning of Schneemann’s works. I would also discuss how Schneemann uses her body to compose feminist texts , and teaches woman that they should stand for their right of their own bodies and emancipate themselves from the patriarchy.
First, I would discuss motivation for Schneemann in creating Eye Body and how she was affected by Paul Cezanne’s painting theory and Pollock’s “ action painting”. Second, I try to discuss the lost images of female body in the traditional visual art and how Schneemann challenged the taboo. Schneemann challenged the estheticism of beauty myth and tried to decode the myth of female body. Moreover, I also discuss how Schneemann used her nude as materials for her works and “out of canvas”. Schneemann took images of witch and Snake Goddess to express woman’s primary power, because she tried to work on developing images of woman body.
Schneemann’s art career began with Eye Body. However, other relevant works are included in this paper in order to deeply probing into Schneemann’s art world. Schneemann’s art works and herself are the milestone in the history for female to claim the right of her own body. Hence, the right of female’s body, female sex revolution , body writing, and narcissism are what I also focus on in the paper.
The paper would summarize Schneemann’s contribution and status in feminist art history. Schneemann’s works not only arouse the thoughts for patriarchy .She uses her works to question the male texts and try to develop the female-centered theory to challenge the patriarchism.She accuses the patriarchy society of materializing the woman, so she asserts female authority by overthrowing masculine esthetics. Schneemann’s works appeals to female independence and authority, self-approval, and self-reflection. However, Schneemann devotes her life to creating the harmony for male and female,and she also makes great efforts to look for the value of the female.

並列關鍵字

nude ； Action painting ； Performance Art ； Body Art ； Post-Feminism ； narcissism

參考文獻

Griselda Pollock著，陳香君 譯：《視線與差異》（Vision and Difference），台北市，遠流，2000。

林麗珊著：《女性主義與兩性關係》，五南圖書，2003。

曾枝盛：《後馬克思主義》，揚智，2002。

賴俊雄著：《晚期解構主義》，揚智，2000。

Amelia Jones：《Body Art/Performing the subject》，The University of Minnesota，1998．