花蓮地區大學生使用保險套之行為意圖及其相關因素研究

本研究旨在了解花蓮地區大學院校學生保險套使用情形及其影響因素，應用理性行動論為研究架構，以花蓮地區之大學生為研究對象，共取得五所學校的學生，實得樣本數為1,321位為研究對象。以研究對象的基本資料、性知識及使用保險套的態度、主觀規範、自我效能、行為意圖等進行描述分析。資料分析所得結果如下：一、研究對象有性經驗學生比率29.6 % (男生16.9 %、女生12.7 %)，平均發生性經驗年齡為18.5歲。有性經驗學生過去每次都戴保險套只有五成、偶而使用保險套占三成、完全不使用保險套二成。有性經驗學生對於使用保險套行為意圖反而低於無性經驗的學生。二、參加性教育課程有助於提升性知識、使用保險套自我效能及行為意圖。研究對象女生性知識分數高於男生性知識分數，男生對於女生懷孕生理知識、避孕知識及自慰等正確知識仍須加強。三、研究對象非異性戀取向(包括同性戀及雙性戀)比率約一成，男同志比率高於女同志，女生雙性戀比率高於男生。男同性戀每次使用保險套比率三成，女同性戀大多不使用保險套。四、影響大學生使用保險套行為意圖的最大相關因素為自我效能，包括拒絕不安全性行為的信心、與性伴侶溝通使用保險套後才發生性行為的信心及發生有關｢性｣的困擾時主動尋求協助的信心。五、根據研究結果顯示，大學生「自我效能」及「主觀規範」能夠預測使用保險套的行為意圖，共同解釋力為53.9%。

關鍵字

大學生；性知識；使用保險套態度；使用保險套自我效能；使用保險套主觀規範

並列摘要

This study was to examine the usage of condom and the factors that influence the condom use behavior of college students in Hualien county. A survey was administered to collect data on condom use attitude, peer norms, perceived behavior control, behavior intention of condom use among college students in Hualien. A total of 1,321 responses from five colleges in Hualien county were collected. The major findings were： 1.29.6% of the surveyed students reported to have sexual experiences (16.9% male and 12.7% female). The average age of the first sexual experience was 18.5. Only 50% of the surveyed students used condoms, 30% of them used occasionally, and 20% never used condoms. Compared with the students with no prior sexual experiences, students with sexual experiences reported lower condom usage intention. 2.Participation in sexual education curriculums raised the sex knowledge, self-efficacy of condom use and behavior intention. Surveyed females scored higher than males in sex related knowledge. Male students scored low in knowledge of female pregnancy physiology, contraception, and masturbation. 3.10% of the respondents were non-heterosexuals (including homosexuals and bisexuals). The ratio of male homosexuals was higher than that of female homosexuals, while ratio of female bisexuals was higher than male bisexuals. 30% of male homosexuals used condoms all the time, while most female homosexuals didn’t use condoms for protection. 4.Self-efficacy was the most important factor that influenced the condom usage behavior, which included the ability to refuse unsafe sex, the ability to conmunicate with partner about condom use befor having sex, and the ability to seek consultation on sex problems. 5.The results indicated the students’ self-efficacy and subjective norms can effectively predict behavioral intention toward condom usage. The combined explanatory power of these factors accounted for 53.9% of the variations in the surveyed population.