波依斯社會雕塑之研究

德國藝術家約瑟夫．波依斯（Joseph Beuys 1921-1986），名言:「人人都是藝術家」，他所提出的「社會雕塑」，最具體呈現作品為:一九八二年第七屆卡塞爾文件大展〈七千棵橡樹〉；最受爭議的是成立「德國學生黨」，投身社會政治運動，但卻能在藝術領域裡不斷被討論。　　本研究目的了解波依斯｢社會雕塑｣成形過程來自｢藝術等同於生活｣，因為｢社會有機體｣，所以｢人人都是藝術家｣，兩者互為因果。根據｢擴展的藝術觀念｣和人類發揮創造力且互助合作下，達到｢社會雕塑｣的理想。本研究採「質化研究法」的紮根理論，分析範圍為一九六Ｏ年後--受聘為杜塞道夫藝術學院教授關鍵點開始。結果得知波依斯最可貴的在於能身體力行於公投民主、社會運動、教育平等，並完成世界上最大的環保生態雕塑；｢社會雕塑｣給台灣的啟示便是｢藝術生活化｣，｢人成則藝成｣，重點在於能深刻感知及體驗生活，因為「文道合一」，當擁有深刻的生命經驗，解決社會問題的焦點自然回到人文關懷。

關鍵字

波依斯；藝術等於生活；人人都是藝術家；社會有機體；擴展的藝術觀念；社會雕塑

並列摘要

German artist Joseph Beuys (1921-1986), famous: "Everyone is an artist", he proposed the "social sculpture", which is the most specific work “7000 Oaks”(7000 Eichen) : presented in 1982 at the Documenta Ⅶ,Kassel. The most controversial is the establishment of the “German student party”, which joined the social and political movement, but it can be discussed in the field of art The purpose of this study is to understand the formation process of Beuys’ "social sculpture" which comes from "art is equal to life". "Social organism” and "everyone is an artist" are mutual relations. Based on "extended concept of art" and human creativity and mutual cooperation, to achieve the "social sculpture" ideal and make the world better. This study adopts the rooting theory of "qualitative research method". The analysis period is after 1960 – Beuys is appointed Professor of Monumental Sculpture at the Düsseldorf Academy of Art. In conclusion, the most valuable is that Beuys practiced the referendum democracy, social movement, education and equality, and completed the world's largest Environmental sculpture. "Social sculpture" inspires "Art of Life" in Taiwan. The point of "People into the Art" is to percept deeply and to experience the life. And then, the focus of solving social problems naturally returns to humanistic care.