準退休族群退休後理想居住方式之探討-以大台北地區為例

台灣於1993年進入高齡化社會，人口老化速度較其他成熟國家更加快速，針對高齡人口居住的規劃及配套迫在眉睫，然而政府及民間團體普遍對高齡人口之實際需求了解有限，故本研究報告針對大台北地區準退休族群 (45-64歲)，對其退休後理想居住規劃進行調查，再分別以人口統計變數、孤獨感及人格特質等三種不同面向，對於退休後理想居住規劃的相關性進行探討。本研究依據孤獨量表 (UCLA Loneliness Scale) 將受訪者分為高、低孤獨感二個族群；以大五人格 (Big Five Personality Trails) 作為人格特質的判斷依據，按照同情心、缺乏自信、創新創意、領導統御、積極向上、外向社交等六個構面，將受訪者分成不同集群。研究結果發現，除了孤獨感高低對其選擇退休後理想居住規劃的結果部分不顯著之外，人口統計變數如教育、職務、年收入與現居地區的差異等皆對結果存在顯著性的影響；就人格特質來看，大體上具有創新、積極及社交特質的集群在居住條件與居住方式上有較為明顯的偏好。最後，將研究結果進行後續分析，探討不同面向的族群對未來退休居住的偏好與考量，可作為未來政府或民間單位在規劃老年人口住宅時的參考方向。

關鍵字

孤獨感；人格特質；退休居住；高齡住宅；集群分析

並列摘要

Taiwan has entered the aging society since 1993, and the population is aging more severe than other well-developed countries. Therefore, the supporting of senior housing facilities have become necessary and urgent, but the government and non-government organizations do not seem to fully recognize how the elderly people shape their retirement life. To further explore this topic, this research paper dived deeply into what the ideal living environments are for those who are heading into their retirement (45-64 years old) based on self-designed survey. The research paper then looks for the connections among different people by using Demographic Variables, Loneliness, and Personality dimensions. First, the research divided people into high and low loneliness groups based on UCLA Loneliness Scale and then used another analysis method, which is Big Five Personality Trails to divide the people into 6 groups by evaluating their compassion, confidence, innovation, leadership, determination, and social communication. This paper find that the loneliness is not the significant factor for choosing living environment, but the demographic variables such as education, jobs, annual incomes, and the current living areas are significant. Based on personalities, the people who are more innovative, positive, and socially active have more significant living preferences. At last, the research has further analyzed the information gathered from the self-designed survey and evaluated the preference and concerns from different groups of people. It can also be the reference for the government and non-government organization when planning the “Senior Housing” projects in near future.