高中國文老莊思想教學研究

儒、道為中國文化兩大傳統。中國自漢獨尊儒術以來，儒家成為主流，更是士人求取功名的進路。直至今日，高中國文必選科目「中華文化基本教材」的授課文本仍是四書；而相較於儒家，道家哲學內斂，重在情意體悟，內藏在中國文化之中。觀察教材中的道家思想，可見除〈老子選〉、〈莊子選〉文本外，道家智慧亦散落在各篇章段落之中，如〈桃花源記〉的小國寡民、〈赤壁賦〉的物我無盡、〈始得西山宴遊記〉的「萬化冥和」等皆是，只是歷來較少系統性整理，多賴教師於教學現場隨機補充，三年下來，實不足以確認老莊思想教授之完整。故本論文擬在界定老莊思想教授重點與次序，再以高中文言選文為憑藉，檢驗在使用現行高中國文教材下，預期學生修習老莊思想的完整度，並從中發現不足，提供第一線教師做為參考依據。本論文研究期間（103學年度）為101新課綱使用之第三年，考量研究結果之時效性，與對教學現場之實用度，故本論文以101課綱第一年使用年度──101學年度之一、二冊，102學年度三、四冊，103學年度五、六冊，五家（南一、翰林、康熙、三民、龍騰）出版社之高中教科書選文為範圍。以高中三年共同的國文修業範圍為檢驗，期望研究結果能為教師教授高三學生學習〈老子選〉、〈莊子選〉時，提供老莊哲學統整性的教學目標，並能配合學生舊經驗補充與發揮以達教授目的。本論文共分為五章，第一章為緒論，交代研究動機與目的，界定研究範圍，並確立研究方法與步驟以為研究條理。第二章參照《老子》前人研究專書歸納整理老子思想教學大要。第三章參照《莊子》前人研究專書歸納整理莊子思想教學大要。第四章闡述教材選文中的老莊思想。第五章為結論，總結前文論述，對照教學主題與經典古文之關係，以見老莊思想教學上的可能。

關鍵字

高中國文；《老子》；《莊子》；思想；教學

並列摘要

The Confucian school and Taoist school are both the main tradition of Chinese culture. The Confucian school has been the main stream from Han dynasty in China, and also represented the way for students who hungered for fame. Nowadays, students in Taiwanese high school have to study “Basic Materials of Chinese Culture”, which is “The Four Books”, the classics of The Confucian school. However, compare to The Confucian school, Taoist school is unseen, putting emphasis on experiencing the state of mind, so it seems not so obvious. Observating Taoist school in Taiwanese high school teaching materials, except “Collection of Laozi “and ” Collection of Zhuangzi”, there are some connections in other materials, like “Small Country” in “A Tale of the Fountain of the Peach Blossom Spring”, "Perpetual Living Like Nature” in “The First Ode for the Red Cliff”, “Combined with Nature” in “The Beginning of Feast and Travel in Xishan”. However, due to lacking of arrangement, teachers have to mention these Taoist philosophy at random, it would be uncertain whether students would learn the whole Taoist school in three years. So the research aims to define the topics and order of teaching Laozi’s and Zhuangzi’s philosophy, within the range of classical Chinese articles, examining the completeness and lack of present materials. The research hope could be helpful to teachers on the spot. It was the third year of using the new “Guidelines of High School” during this research. Considering the efficiency of results, and the practicableness on the spot, this research collect materials from ” 101 Academic Year Guidelines of High School”, with Book 1 and 2 for 101 academic year, Book 3 and 4 for 102 academic year, Book 5 and 6 for 103 academic year, including 5 versions of teaching materials. Hoping could provide the topics for teachers in teaching Laozi’s and Zhuangzi’s philosophy and combine the known knowledge into Taoist school for students who are in grade 12. There are five chapters in the study. First chapter is preface, about the motivation and aim of the study, defining the range, method and steps of research. Second chapter refers to scholars ‘ studies in Laozi and try to arrange the topics of teaching Laozi. The third chapter refers to scholars ‘ studies in Zhuangzi and try to arrange the topics of teaching Zhuangzi. The forth chapter tries to elaborate Laozi’s and Zhuangzi’s philosophy in teaching materials. The fifth chapter is conclusion, comparing the teaching topics and classical Chinese articles, hoping to develop the teaching of Laozi’s and Zhuangzi’s philosophy.