無聲「勝」有聲!聽子女與聾父母代間關係之探索

聾父母與聽子女的家庭組成普遍存在於聾人社會，但國內目前針對聽子女與聾父母家庭關係的研究相對匱乏，因此本研究期望透過解析聽子女在聾家庭成長的生命經驗與感受，及其代間關係樣貌之描繪，提出對聽子女聾父母組成家庭之實務建議，並開拓相關學術研究領域之視野。本研究以三次訪談系列方法，訪談四名成年聽子女，探索他們成長於聾家庭的主觀感受、親子互動經驗、家庭成員之間的關係狀態、以及對於幼時親子互動經驗與成年後對代間關係之詮釋。本研究主要發現如下：一、聽子女幼時雖然因手語能力尚不足以與父母無障礙的溝通，較易感到孤單，但受到聾父母及聽人長輩(尤以聽祖父母為甚)較多的關注與疼愛，加諸社會資源的挹注，通常能減緩與一般家庭的落差。二、聽祖父母與聾父母間缺乏共同語言，就如同聾父母與聽子女間溝通時有困難，教養風格有著代間傳遞的影子，發展出較無拘束與規範的「放任型」，亦或是因語言隔閡而產生的「一知半解型」以及「身教型」教養模式。三、成年聽子女與父母代間關係可分為三種型態：因情感累積、手語能力提升而發展出的「親密」情感；因傳統性別角色框架下，始終說不出口的「內斂」情感；源自於童年期與父母互動經驗缺乏，呈現若即若離的「矛盾」情感。但無論何種型態，皆可見聽子女在勞務與經濟層面給予聾父母支持及回饋。四、成年聽子女自發性精進手語能力、接納聾人文化、以及成熟健全的心理，乃是聽子女親子互動經驗擴展至代間關係時的重要關鍵元素，從抗拒排斥到接受，乃至於帶著聾家庭的身分走向婚姻。根據探討之結果，本研究提出針對家庭生活教育專業及社會政策實務服務之建議，並闡述本領域未來學術研究之展望。

關鍵字

聾父母與聽子女；代間關係；三次訪談系列方法；聾人文化

並列摘要

In the context of the deaf people society, it is common to see a household with members including hearing children and deaf parents; however, there is little empirical research involving the hearing children of deaf parents. The focus of this study is on the analysis of the growing experience and feeling of the hear children with deaf parents and their intergenerational relationship. As the result, we expect to provide more practical advice to this certain type of family organization and widen the vision of relative researches in the future. The three interview series method was conducted in this study. Four hear adult children were interviewed to explore their feelings, parent-child interaction experience, relationship with family members, and the impact on their intergenerational relationship with deaf parents as a grown-up based on their childhood interaction experience. The key findings of this study are listed as - (1) Although the hear young children did show signs of feeling lonelier due to not completely proficient in sign language to communicate with their deaf parents, this emotional gap could still be brought together by getting more attention and care from the deaf parents and other hearing elders (usually the grandparents)in the family and with better access to the social resources. (2) Lacking of common language that leads to the communication difficulty also existed between hearing grandparents and their offspring (aka the deaf parents).The intergenerational parenting style carrying through the family tended to be more loose and ignorant. Due to the linguistic barrier, deaf parents sometimes didn’t educate their hear children with precepts but through actual actions. The incomplete comprehensive communications between the deaf parents and hear children were also observed. (3) Three types of intergenerational relationship were identified between hear adult children and the deaf parents: “Intimate” - due to the emotional attachment and proficient in sign language developed over years; “Introverted”- emotions had been consistently repressed due to the traditional stereotype of gender; “Ambiguous”- due to the lack of interactions during the childhood. No matter which type was observed, the deaf parents all received housework and financial assistance from the hear adult children. (4) The hear adult children expanded their interaction with deaf parents to the intergenerational relationship through proactively improving sign language skills, acknowledging the deaf culture, and advancing mental development. These key elements would help them to accept their deaf family background and perhaps carry it to their own marriage. In conclusion, this study provides the suggestions on professional family education and social service and elaborates the prospect of this field.