彭曉《周易參同契分章通真義》研究

唐末五代時期的道士彭曉，是《周易參同契》的重要註解者，彭曉不僅是第一位具名註解《周易參同契》的註家，也是第一位以分章之法註解《周易參同契》之人。在《周易參同契》註疏之學中，彭曉《周易參同契分章通真義》一書具有重要的代表性。本論文以彭曉《周易參同契分章通真義》為研究主題，透過主題式的討論，希望能勾勒出彭曉的丹學與易學思想之概貌。首先是關於《周易參同契分章通真義》一書的概論，筆者針對《周易參同契分章通真義》所引發的爭議，如《周易參同契》作者之說，以及分章註解《周易參同契》的適切性，爬梳各家註本的評論，並就評論內容進行辨析。第二是關於彭曉的易學思想，筆者認為彭曉的易學思想承襲漢代易學，以陰陽為核心，在此基礎上，形成了彭曉以「乾坤」為主的易學思想。最後是討論彭曉的丹學立場，彭曉火候之學以時空攢簇之說為理論基礎，其藥物之說則從具體的鉛汞，提升至抽象概念的真一之氣，彭曉的丹學雖以外丹為主，但已有了初步的內丹思想。

關鍵字

彭曉；周易參同契分章通真義；周易參同契；陰陽；乾坤；真一之氣

並列摘要

At the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Toaist priest Peng Xiao was a significant commentator. He was the first one to onymously explained and commented on the Zhou Yi Cantongqi (also the Kinship of the Three), by way of Chapter division. Among all the commentaries of the Zhou Yi Cantongqi, The Truth of the Kinship of the Three According to the Book of I-Ching (The Truth for short) by Peng Xiao is an extremely important annotation version. The thesis is based on The Truth, aiming to outline the general picture of the alchemy and the philosophies of I-Ching through threaded discussion. The study consists of three parts. The first part is the general introduction to The Truth, in which I further comment on and analyze the controversies which The Truth caused, such as the author’s opinions of the Zhou Yi Cantongqi and the appropriateness of the Zhou Yi Cantongqi through Chapter division. The second part is mainly about Peng Xiao’s philosophies of I-Ching, which, in my opinion, originated from I-Ching in Han Dynasty. “Qian-Kun” symbolizes “yin and yang”, the spirit in Peng Xiao’s philosophies of I-Ching. The last part of the thesis focuses on the thoughts of Peng Xiao’s alchemy, based on the compression on time and space. Peng Xiao’s alchemy practicing has changed from chemical elements lead and cinnabar into the pure Qi of the beginning of the world. Although Peng’s alchemy is about the pot, medicine and heating, it further develops into the concept of active substance (Qi) in the body.