虛面實相─張吟禎水墨創作之意涵試探

本文整體架構以環境與個人之關係性切入，以艾瑞克‧弗洛姆(Erich Fromm)人本精神分析理論為主脈，佐以分析心理學派榮格(Carl G Jung)的集體無意識（collective unconscious）觀念，探討社會文化層面對於人格形塑的重要性。通過建構個人的主體性的研究，藉以探索現代人（女性）心理層面變化與壓抑，以及所發展出的各種防衛機制。人從原始狀態中脫離出來，從而獲得獨立性和力量感的過程，稱作個體化。在個體化的過程中，既受其環境影響，也不斷影響其環境。同時影響個人人格形塑的除了生物需求外，也包含了社會需求、行為模式、內心感受、對別人的態度、自我評價及概念、社會價值、禁制及衝突，這一切因素皆構成個人人格的部分，彼此交互影響著。本論文架構共分六個章節。第一章為緒論，筆者將其獨立為一個章節，述說藝術創作之於筆者的重要性。第二章詳述研究的動機、目的以及規劃出研究的範圍。主要是將自身所處的環境對應於人心境的情緒投射於創作之中，從創作過程中還原人性的基本組成：一是性衝動，二是欲望。欲望驅使人類進步，追求生理上與心理上的滿足；生理上的慾望容易滿足，心理層面涉及人與外部的互動狀況，其層面涉及人的本性、價值、經驗、需要、動機、人格等。著重探討個體對應外部的內心感受，為本章節重點。第三章層層解剖個體對應於外部的精神狀況。要了解人性，必須探究人性的全面性，而個人乃是社會情境下的整體反射。榮格提出了集體無意識的論點，打破弗洛依德的環境決定論，指出人的內心是從進化而預先確定了。個人因而是同往昔聯結在一起的，不僅僅與自己的童年，更重要的是與種族、社會的往昔相聯結，甚至還與有機界進化的漫長過程聯結在一起。第四章將作品的各個面向作一獨立章節討論，從創作的形式、手法、理念…將創作者的心境投射於畫面中的女性形象中，以重疊的手法展現晃動、模糊的視覺感，擺盪於描繪者與被繪對象之間。並針對「虛」與「實」的相互映照帶入東方玄學領域的理論佐以分析。在最後一節將類似題材的藝術創作者列入介紹之。第五章為作品解析。透過對作品的情節意境、媒材技法與形式結構等表現手法將創作者的內心想法呈現，也透過系列作品的分類與梳理，除了提供自省角度來面對自身創作，同時給予觀者更進一步理解創作的脈絡。最後結論的部分，探究當今台灣東方媒材藝術的發展，在百花齊放的藝術界裡，東方的水墨藝術與西方藝術落實台灣已行之有年，甚至是吾等一輩的主要藝術觀，在這樣的匯流之際，能否在自身繪畫創作中理出屬於自己的價值表徵。關鍵字：精神分析、當代水墨、女性藝術、重疊手法、虛實

關鍵字

精神分析；當代水墨；女性藝術；重疊手法；虛實

並列摘要

Adopting humanistic psychology theory proposed by Erich Fromm(1900-1980) as the main theory, along with collective unconscious proposed by Carl G Jung(1875-1961)as the supportive concept ,this thesis intends to study the relationship between environment and individual ,discussing the importance of social culture towards personality-shaping. Through constructing individual subjectivity, the author explores psychological changes, pressure and defense mechanisms developed accordingly among modern people (female). The process that human beings detach from the original state, acquiring independence and a sense of strength is so-called individuation. During the process of individuation, it is not only influenced by the environment, but it also constantly influences the environment as well. Besides biological needs which will affect personality-shaping, social needs, behavior patterns, feelings within, attitude towards others, self-evaluation and concept, social value, inhibition and conflict are also included and all these factors will form one's characteristic, interacting to one another. The content of this thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, deemed by author as an individual chapter, narrating the importance of art creation to author. The second chapter includes the auther’s research motivation, purpose and marks out the research field. Mostly the author compares her situation with people's mind to reflect on creations, and restores two basic components of human nature in creations: The first is sex impulse and the second is desire. Desire drives people to make progress, making them pursue satisfaction both psychologically and physically. Physical desire can be satisfied easily and psychological aspect is related to a person’s interaction with outside that involves in human nature, value, experience, need, motivation and characteristic. Putting emphasis on an individual that corresponds outside to internal feelings is the main focus of this chapter. The third chapter is an analysis of an individual that corresponds to external mental state at all levels. Different aspects of human nature must be researched before realizing it and the authors standpoint is that individuals are reflections of social environment. Carl G Jung brought out the concept of collective unconscious that moves away from the environmental determinism proposed by Freud, pointing out human's mind is precoded though evolution. Individuals are connected with their past. They not only connect to childhood experience, but more importantly also to the past of race and society and even to a long process of human evolution. The fourth chapter, as an independent chapter, discusses various aspects of creations regarding forms, techniques and concepts to reflect the author's state of mind by creating female figures. The author represents a visual sensation through overlapping techniques, such as blurring and shifting feelings between the artist and her subjects, and tried to analyze the void and the real with theory in Eastern metaphysics. The artists with similar creative styles will be introduced in the last section. The fifth chapter is creation analysis. The author expresses thoughts in her mind through artistic conception, materials, techniques, forms and structures, and also classifies those series of creations as well. In addition to offering self-examination to face her own creations, the author also provides the audiences a better understanding of the context of her works simultaneously. The conclusion referrs to the development of Eastern material in Taiwan. Chinese painting and Western art in Taiwan have been practiced for years in the world of flourishing art and even become a main concept for people. Whether we can clarify our own values and features from our creations in this confluence of art or not is an essential issue. Keywords: psychoanalysis, Contemporary Ink, feminine Art, the void and the real