一所華德福學校教育在地化實踐之探究

本研究從自由靈魂的失去、教育主體的失去、土地教學的失去與社會連結的失去等四個失去來指出華德福教育、地方教育學、生態文化教育學，對當代教育的重要性。本研究發現，在以人智學為核心價值的華德福教育中，有許多課程設計和生態文化教育學及地方教育學相互呼應。因此本研究以華德福教育為主軸，以一所華德福實驗教育機構為研究對象，透過訪談、觀察、文件分析等質性研究法，結合地方教育學與生態文化教育學綜合提出「教育在地化」觀點。研究結論提出四點「教育在地化」特色作為學校落實健康社群實踐之途徑：（一）強調藝術性與音樂性美感陶養的教育藝術；（二）回歸日常經驗的生活課程；（三）尊敬萬物自然的謙卑姿態；（四）重視在地扎根的關係存有。本研究主張，透過教育在地化的教學設計，融入有利於生態環境永續發展的精神，設計具有在地性、區域性發展精神的課程，融入富有藝術性、音樂性的教學方法，並以學生的生活環境為學習中心，培養學生發展出利於生態環境永續發展的生態智慧，有利於促進在地社區與學校之間的緊密連結，進而達到建構健康社群發展的理想。本研究建議教育工作者可參考「教育在地化」精神，發展出各校特色，重視生態環境永續發展，師生養成尊敬萬物自然的生命態度，以生活經驗為學習的出發點，透過藝術性與音樂性的教學，陶養學生的美感，並且重視與在地社區及傳統文化的連結，以發展出各校的辦校特色，達到健康社群與教育永續的發展與傳承。

關鍵字

人智學；華德福教育；地方教育學；生態文化教育學；教育在地化

並列摘要

This study points out the importance of Waldorf Education, place pedagogy and ecological cultural education to contemporary education from the four losses such as the loss of free soul, the loss of the subjectivity in education, the loss of connection with land in teaching and the loss of interpersonal connection. In Waldorf Education, there are many curriculum designs similar to ecological cultural education theories and place pedagogy. Therefore, this research takes Waldorf Education as the main axis, a Waldorf experimental education institute as the research object, through the qualitative research methods of interview, observation and document analysis, combining with place pedagogy and ecological cultural education, and suggests the view of the "localization of education". This study proposes four characteristics of "localization of education" as ways to implement healthy community practice in schools: (1) to respect the natural humble attitude of all things; (2) to return to the routine lessons of daily life; (3) to emphasize the artistic and musical teaching methods in order to cultivate the Beauty of life; (4) attach importance to the rooted relationship exists. This study advocates that by integrating teaching design in education with the spirit of conducive to the sustainable development of the ecological environment, we should design a curriculum with local and regional development spirit, take students' living environment as the learning center and train students to develop ecological intelligence conducive to the sustainable development of the ecological environment is conducive to promoting close links between local communities and schools so as to achieve the ideal of building a healthy community. Finally, this research suggests as followings. We can apply the "localization of education" spirit to school management and pay more attention to the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Both teachers and students should cultivate the respect attitude to the natural life, take life experience as the starting point of teaching, cultivate students' aesthetics through artistic and musical teaching, attach importance to the connection with local communities and traditional culture, and develop the characteristics of schools, in order to achieve the sustainable development and inheritance of the healthy community and education.