壓力團體政策推動策略分析—以《高級中等以下教育階段非學校型態實驗教育實施條例》為例

本研究以壓力團體推動政策立法活動為研究核心，以《高級中等以下教育階段非學校型態實驗教育實施條例》為例，旨在討論教育壓力團體推動政策入法經驗，包含如何妥善運用相關策略，成功推動法案實現團體眾望所歸的結局，本文之研究目的在於：一、了解教育壓力團體推動教育政策入法所抱持之主要立法動機。二、釐清教育壓力團體推動教育政策入法之攜手合作對象與方式。三、剖析教育壓力團體推動訂立中央自學法令運用之策略及技巧三大項目。此外，文獻探討一章敘述中外壓力團體推動政策立法所使用之策略及技巧，並深入闡釋非學校型態實驗教育之立法相關介紹；採取質性研究法，以訪談法為主軸，文件分析為輔助來蒐集所需資料，滾雪球抽樣8個壓力團體領導人或成員，共11 位受訪者，討論其如何展開教育立法行動，以便進一步窺知教育立法是如何因應不同壓力團體需求，在權衡考量之下，交互使用各種策略，而制定出非學校型態實驗教育之現行規範。根據上述研究，本文獲致以下研究結論：一、政治轉型使學校角色發生轉化。二、體制內學校制式規範僵化，導致學生離開一般學校。三、地方政府落實實驗教育之效率及作法有別。四、團體組織策略聯盟增強立法成功率。五、團體運用「超黨籍」策略說服立委提出「多版本」草案。六、團體維持公版與民版草案內容一致良效顯著。七、團體謹記立法會期屆期不連續原則推動草案通過。八、團體與立法委員並肩合作，共創佳績。研究貢獻乃藉由本研究之論述，從中歸納與總結教育壓力團體運用之有效策略與技巧，據以擘劃與構築我國其他領域壓力團體未來推動政策入法時，足資參考之借鑒與仿效模式。

關鍵字

壓力團體；政策推動策略；實驗教育

並列摘要

This study focuses on the activities of promoting policy into the law by the pressure groups.Take “enforcement act for non-school-based experimental education across educational levels below senior high school” for example. The main purpose is to discuss the experience of promoting policy into the law by the educational pressure groups. Including how to properly use the relevant strategies and successfully promote the bill to fulfillize the desired ending of everybody who is in the groups. The purposes of the research is: First, to understand the main legislative motivation of educational pressure groups to promote educational policy into the law. Second, to clarify the cooperational objects who are hand in hand and ways which the educational pressure groups to promote the educational policy into the law. Third, the analysis of the educational pressure groups how to use the strategies and techniques to promote making the statute of central homeschooling. This study is relation to the three major projects which are above-mention. In addition, the chapter of literature discussion narratives the strategies and techniques of promoting policy into the law which used by chinese and foreign the pressure groups. simultaneously,this chapter also deeply explains the introduction of legislation which is related to the non-school-based experimental education. Take qualitative research method, use the interviews as the main method, and documental analysis as the secondary method to collect the required information. Snowball sampling the leaders or the members of 8 pressure group, a total of 11 respondents to discuss them how to initiate educational legislative actions. In order to further realize educational legislation how to response to the different needs of pressure groups, and interactively use all kinds of strategies in trade-offs under consideration to make the current code of non-school-based experimental education. According to the above study learns that this papers get the following research conclusions: First, political transformation makes school roles occur change. Second, the norms of institutions within the school are fixed, leading students choose to leave the general school. Third, local governments implement experimental education have different efficiency and practice. Forth, the groups organize strategic alliances to enhance successful legislative probability. Fifth, the groups use “surpass-parties” strategy to persuade the legislators to propose the “multi-edition” drafts. Sixth, the groups maintain the consistent contents of public version and civil version drafts have significant good effect. Seventh, the groups remind of the principle of discontinuity in the legislative sessions , and promote the passage of the drafts. Eighth, the groups and legislators work side by side to co-create excellent grades. The research contribution is based on the discussion of this study, from which to summarize and conclude the effective strategies and techniques which the educational pressure groups use. According to the effective strategies and techniques as mention above, from which to plan and construct the referential and imitational models use for reference of our nation’s other areas of the pressure groups who promote policy into the law in the future.