以持續型自然體驗方案探討自然經驗對家庭之影響

都市化的發展讓人們生活舒適而安逸，卻也在發展中與自然逐漸疏離。Richard Louv先後出版《Last Child in the Woods》和《The Nature Principle》在兩本書中皆提及，大自然缺失症（Nature-Deficit Disorder）對孩子及成人的隱憂，結果廣獲重視，並且持續有研究發現自然對人類身心靈健康的關連。家庭始終是人類文化傳承重要的環境，需要父母樹立健康生活的榜樣，且不論成人和孩子都有「自然療癒」的需求。而自然經驗對人的影響不僅是創造個人的福祉，亦是促使個人成為環境公民的重要生命經驗之一，但在都會區缺乏長輩引領的孩子，將更難有機會擁有親近自然的童年。因此自然經驗對都會區家庭的影響亦值得更深入研究，在臺北都會區中近年以親近自然為導向的課程也越來越多，本研究以一持續型自然體驗方案為個案，並邀請七個持續參與方案至少達一年以上之家庭進行深度訪談，並於方案中參與觀察，以及蒐集課程相關文件作為分析資料之來源。目的在於瞭解家庭重視自然經驗的原因，以及自然經驗對家庭產生的影響。研究結果發現，重視孩子自然經驗之家庭，家長在過往生命歷程中大多因為童年時期自然經驗、高等教育階段、社會團體，以及男性家長的服兵役。自然經驗在家庭中則具有開啟話題的鑰匙、創造更強韌的家庭連結、家庭風格的型塑。自然體驗方案在都會家庭與自然之間扮演著輔助的角色，並依據相關文獻及本研究發現繪製出「家庭在自然中學習」概念圖，最後提出本研究相關建議與研究者反思。

關鍵字

自然經驗；自然體驗；家庭；家庭系統觀點；家庭關係

並列摘要

Urbanization makes people live more comfortably, but also more far away form the nature world. Richard Louv has published " Last Child in the Woods " and " The Nature Principles" , in those two books are mentioned that Nature-Deficit Disorder children and adults of concern. This results received a wide attention, and more and more research about the relate about nature and human body and mental. Family has always been an important environment for the transmission of human culture, parents need to establish a healthy life model, and regardless of adults and children have a "nature healing" needs. The impact of nature experience on people is not only to create personal well-being, but also a important life experience to promote a person become environmental citizens. The children in the urban area are lack of elders to lead them, and had the opportunity to close to the nature world in there childhood. Therefore, the impact of nature experience on families in urban area is worth to further study. In recent years, there are more and more nature-oriented courses in Taipei. This study takes a continuous nature awareness program as an example and invites seven In-depth interviews with at least one year of continuous participation, participation in the program, and collection of curriculum-related documents as sources of analysis. The purpose is to understand the reasons why families attach importance to nature experiences and the impact of nature experiences on the family. The results of the study found that, the families who emphasis children's nature experience are course by parents childhood nature experience, higher education stage, social groups, and serve in the army. Nature experience is an key in the family, to open the dialogue, to create a more robust family links, family-style plastic. The nature awareness program plays a complementary role between the family and nature. Finally, the suggestions and the researchers' reflection are put forward.