排灣族古樓部落Maljeveq祭歌調查研究

排灣族古樓部落舉行Maljeveq（五年祭）和Pusau（送靈祭）時，「祭歌」是進行祭儀之間的溝通橋樑，無「首」（song）的區分。在歷次記載中，古樓Maljeveq祭歌偏向採集記錄居多，因而形成多元模式，使得無法確認祭歌種類，實為可惜。本研究宗旨以「質性研究」進行調查，除了記錄古樓部落第十一屆（2014-2015）Maljeveq至Pusau的「祭儀」與「祭歌」之外，並分析祭歌曲調的樂曲結構與骨幹音型，亦藉此從中分類與統整過去的珍貴採譜記錄。研究成果：祭歌可以區分為五種曲調，除了「固定」與「非固定」的歌詞，亦有重疊的曲調於祭儀之間反覆歌唱。此外，演唱形式是以單音歌唱為主軸，並以「朗誦式（Recitative）」、「唱誦式（Chant）」和「應答式（Responsory）」的歌唱方法為主。最後，藉由數次的實地訪談與討論，融合古樓人對於祭歌的認知與觀點，期盼本文研究成果，能作為古樓部落舉行Maljeveq祭典傳承的參考資料，亦助當地文化保存一臂之力。

關鍵字

排灣族；古樓部落； Maljeveq（五年祭）； Pusau（送靈祭）；祭歌

並列摘要

This thesis focuses on Maljeveq ritual music at Kuljaljau village in Paiwan culture. Music in Maljeveq connects different ritual sections with variations on several tunes. Previous studies, however, view the music as a series of individual songs. With ethnographic documentation in 2014-2015 and discussions with people from Kuljaljau village, this study aims to categorize Maljeveq ritual music and point out the relationship between tunes with analysis on music structure shown in the form of melodic skeleton. The music is monophonic and can be categorized as five different tunes and sung in the forms of reciting, chanting, and call and respond. Some of the lyrics are fixed and others are not. Through the work of ethnography, this study hopes to present and merge local perspectives together into academic research and serve as the reference for future studies.