以學生為中心的體育教學概念解析之研究

以學生為中心的教學模式已成為教育界關注的議題，許多文獻都提到，相較於傳統以教材或教師為中心的教學模式，學生中心的教學更能讓學生獲得「有意義的學習」。然而，若進一步探析過去的研究，明顯的問題是那些倡議學生中心教學模式的學者，對於此一概念，抱持著不一的意義，僅做到抽象的概念描述，或缺乏操作性的具體闡述。因此，造成那些嘗試改變教學模式的實踐者，在設計教案並試行教學時，針對自己所設計的教材內容與教學方式，常會提出「這究竟是不是學生中心的教學？」之類的問題。本研究旨在探討何謂學生中心的體育教學，同時亦嘗試抽離出蘊含於「學生中心體育教學」概念中之核心意涵。研究方法係透過歷史文獻資料的蒐集與分析，藉以描述出學生中心教學概念的本質涵義，從中統整出能用以判斷某一教學是否符應學生中心應有之概念內涵。本研究發現學生中心教學概念之本質即是以促進學生成為獨立自主的學習者為主，且其實踐應能統攝下列四項內涵：(一) 教師與學生共同建立學習環境；(二) 知識傳遞方式以學生主動發現為主；(三) 讓學生了解學習狀況的學習評量；(四) 培養學習責任的教學。藉由上述研究發現，後續研究能進一步發展出具體的檢核規準，用以檢核、確認及檢討教學實踐與學生中心概念之關聯強度。

關鍵字

有意義的學習；學生中心；教師中心

並列摘要

Student-centered instruction models have become one of the primary issues in education. Literature has mentioned that comparing to the traditional content- or teacher-centered instruction model, students can have meaning learning in the context of student-centered instruction. However, it is obvious that scholars who advocate the benefits of student-centered instruction interpret the concept of “student-centered” instruction in diverse ways and provide more conceptual descriptions of it rather than operational definitions. Practical teachers who try to change their usual lesson plans as well as implement alternative instruction models regularly question about their trials and ask the question of “whether it fits in with student-centered instruction”. The purposes of present study were to analyze the concept of “student-centered instruction” and to construct the criteria if it is to be implemented and evaluated. Related literature was collected, analyzed and carefully interpreted to achieve two purposes of this study. This study concluded there are at least four criteria should be identified if an instruction model can be described as “student-centered” one: (1) the learning environment is constructed collaboratively by instructor and students; (2) the method of knowledge translation accentuates students’ active discovery; (3) students know the ways of how to assess their own learning; (4) leading students to become an active and responsible learner. The research suggests that the subsequent research can bring teaching principles into practice for inspection, and develop Rubric as basis for judging.