華德網站論壇請求行為對比：以旅遊主題為例

「請求」是日常生活中常見的言語行為。時至今日，不光是現實中的言語行為，網路中的言語行為亦日漸受到學界的重視。本研究探討華德網站論壇的請求行為，分析華德網路者各使用何種請求策略來達到請求言語行為。本研究參考Ting-Toomey（1985）以面子為維護對象的角度做為研究分析架構，並以台灣《Yahoo奇摩知識+》及德國《Yahoo! Clever》為蒐集對象，蒐集了華德共400筆之語料，並歸納出請求的主體策略與輔助策略。主體策略又區分為自我取向及他人取向兩次類。自我取向包括：提問策略、指示策略、表願策略；他人取向則有探詢策略。輔助策略包括：問候策略、感謝策略、稱呼策略、釋因策略、網用策略、補充策略及情緒策略。研究結果顯示，華德網路使用者在論壇上進行請求行為時，使用的策略靈活多變，並形成複雜的策略序列。但是華語與德語對於請求策略有其不同之偏好。在策略使用方面，華語請求比德語請求來的直接。但是就整體策略序列結構來說，華德皆偏向以輔助策略起頭，接著以主體策略提出請求，最後以輔助策略結束請求。而華德雙方對於輔助策略的使用頻率也相當地高，顯示網路使用者認為輔助策略可以加強請求的效果。另一方面，因為網路溝通無法得知對方的社會權勢或是職業，也因此看不出社會距離對於請求言語行為的影響。最後，本研究評估現行華語教材，根據本研究之研究結果設計教案，並對華語教學提出相關建議。希望華語學習者可以依據網路溝通及文化差異靈活運用不同的請求策略，在網路上順利地與其他網路使用者溝通。

關鍵字

請求言語行為；語用策略；華德對比分析；網路溝通；旅遊主題；華語教學

並列摘要

The speech act of request is a part of common interpersonal communication in our lives. Nowadays, not only the speech act in real life, but also the speech act in virtual community has been emphasized. In the age of the internet, the speech act of request for Internet communication has become the study trend. However, the contrastive studies between Chinese and German are rare. This study focuses on the speech act of request in Chinese and German and investigates which request strategies would be used by both Chinese and German netizens on the internet. The language samples are from “Yahoo Answers” and “Yahoo! Clever” internet forums. After collecting languages samples, then analyzed the head act, supportive act and the sequences structure between Chinese and German. The results show that both Chinese and German netizens use many kinds of request strategies. Also, the forms of sequences structures are complex. But the Chinese and German netizens have their own preference of request strategies. Chinese tend to utilize direct head acts, and German tend to utilize indirect head acts. As a whole, Both Chinese and German netizens prefer to use supportive acts as the beginning, then use head acts to request other people. After that, the supportive acts would be used again to end the whole request. In addition, the high frequency of supportive act shows that Chinese and German netizens approve the supportive act, which could strengthen the effect of request. On the other hand, netizens can’t find out the occupation of the other, because the internet communication is not face-to-face communication. Therefore, we can’t know how the power distance index influences the speech act of request. Finally, based on the results of research, this study reviews the two Chinese teaching materials, which are commonly used, then analysis the lesson, which relate to the request parts. Last, we raise the teaching suggestion, also design the teaching plan. Hoping this could guide students to apply appropriate request in Chinese on the internet.