擺盪於民主與威權之間：混合政體之研究

Waving between democratic regimes and authoritarian regimes：The research on hybrid regimes

林彥佑(Lin Yan-You)

指導教授 ： 陳文政

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與社會科學學院/政治學研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/THE.NTNU.GPS.007.2018.F09

摘要

隨著冷戰結束，自由主義式民主自此高舉勝利的旗幟，成為世界上主流的政治體制。然而，結合民主與威權特徵的混合政體也伴隨著這波潮流應運而生並逐漸茁壯，且發展至今，甚至有一舉超越民主政體的趨勢。

　　針對上述的現象，本文嘗試使用自由之家、POLITY IV與DPI等資料庫的數據形成混合政體的操作性定義，以觀察混合政體在1991年至2015年期間，於全球層次及歐洲地區、美洲地區、亞太地區、中東及北非地區、撒哈拉以南非洲地區、歐亞大陸地區等區域的現況分布與變化趨勢，並應證混合政體於冷戰結束後便大量出現的論述。

　　而由於此些為數眾多的混合政體，分別為民主政體跟威權政體所轉向，或是在冷戰前即為混合政體的國家，故本文將其分為「長期維持混合政體」、「由民主轉為混合政體」與「由威權轉為混合政體」三條路徑，並探究形成該路徑的成因。對此，可以發現除了冷戰結束後生成適合混合政體的國際環境外，伴隨著近十年的民主衰退與威權復甦的現象，加上許多統治者看上民主的工具性價值，皆提供適合混合政體滋長的良好條件。

　　面對逐漸進逼的混合政體，如何摘除其用以偽裝威權本質的假面具將是當務之急。因此，除了加強民主的治理能使其恢復吸引力外，吾人也應當認知到民主並非僅有自由主義式民主一種形式。惟若能以非西方式民主來含蓋政治文化各異的國家，將能增加民主的彈性與適應性，而避免受到混合政體的挑戰。

關鍵字

混合政體 ； 自由主義式民主 ； 威權政體

並列摘要

Since the end of the Cold War, liberal democracy has become the most famous political regime in the world. At the same time, however, hybrid regimes that mix autocratic and democratic features have proliferated. To date, it seems to have a tendency that democratic regimes are outnumbered by the hybrid regimes.

With a view to above phenomenon, this research firstly tries to use data bases of Freedom House, Polity IV and DPI to induct an operational definition of hybrid regime. By observing the distribution and variation of hybrid regimes in Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and Eurasia and even at a global level from 1991 to 2015, it justifies the arguments that the number of hybrid regimes has increased since the Cold War.

Since these numerous hybrid regimes are from democratic and authoritarian regimes, or they have become hybrid regimes before the Cold War, this research is divided into three paths and investigates the causes of forming these paths. These three paths are “maintaining at hybrid regimes in long-term”, “from democratic to hybrid regime” and “from authoritarian to hybrid regime”. In this regard, this research finds that the international environment which is suited for hybrid regimes after the Cold War, in the meanwhile democratic recession and authoritarian resurgence has continued over the last decade, and many rulers manipulate instrumental values of democracy as well. They all provide a good condition for hybrid regimes to be nurtured.

Facing up to the growing number of hybrid regimes, how to uncover its mask to pretend their authoritarian essences is the urgent task. As a result, in addition to strengthening democracy governance capacity to recover its attractiveness, we should recognize the fact that democratic regime is not just one type of liberal democracy. If non-western democracy could be contained within different countries of various political cultures, it would increase democracy’s flexibility and adaptability and prevent democratic regimes from challenging by hybrid regimes.

並列關鍵字

hybrid regime ； liberal democracy ； authoritarian regime

參考文獻

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