運動前攝取咖啡因對正常及前期高血壓男性的運動後低血壓之影響

Effects of caffeine intake on post-exercise hypotension before exercise in normotensive and prehypertensive men

陳咨穎(Chen Tzu-Ying)

指導教授 ： 王鶴森

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900303

摘要

背景：運動能有效改善前期高血壓成年人安靜狀態的血壓及動脈硬化指標-脈波傳導速率 (pulse wave velocity, PWV)，而咖啡因會讓血管緊縮而使血壓及PWV顯著上升，同時研究也指出咖啡因會減弱運動後低血壓之作用，惟此作用在正常血壓及前期高血壓者身上是否會有所不同，且PWV的反應為何亦尚不清楚。目的：探討運動前增補咖啡因對正常及前期高血壓男性進行有氧運動後的PEH及baPWV之影響。方法：以48名自願參與的男性為受試者，分別為正常血壓者 (咖啡因組：n=12; 安慰劑組:n=12) 及前期高血壓者 (咖啡因組：n=12; 安慰劑組:n=12)。所有受試者於運動前30分鐘增補每公斤體重 4 mg 的咖啡因或安慰劑，隨後進行65 %儲備心跳率 (65 %HRR) 之30分鐘的跑步機運動，並於增補前、增補後30分鐘及運動後30、60、90及120分鐘分別進行baPWV及血壓等依變項之測量。結果：無論是前期高血壓或正常血壓者之增補與時間因子的交互作用都達顯著，且運動後各時間點安慰劑組的收縮壓皆顯著低於增補前，而正常血壓咖啡因組運動後各時間點及前期高血壓咖啡因組之運動後30與60分鐘之收縮壓皆顯著高於增補前 (p<.05)。舒張壓部分前期高血壓者僅時間因子達顯著，在增補後運動前顯著高於增補前及運動後30分鐘 (p<.05)，而正常血壓者在增補及時間因子的交互作用達顯著，咖啡因組增補後及運動後120分鐘顯著高於增補前，安慰劑組則是運動後30及60分鐘顯著低於增補前 (p<.05)。baPWV部分僅前期高血壓者在增補及時間因子的交互作用達顯著，咖啡因組在增補後及運動後各時間點均顯著高於增補前，安慰劑組則是運動後120分鐘顯著低於增補前 (p<.05)，至於正常血壓者之baPWV無論交互作用或主要效果皆未達顯著。結論：無論前期高血壓者或是正常血壓者，運動後均會產生運動後低血壓的現象，且前期高血壓者亦可降低baPWV，但若在運動前攝取咖啡因則此PEH及baPWV下降的現象將會被抵消，進而可能提高血壓上升的風險。

關鍵字

增補劑 ； 心血管疾病 ； 動脈硬化 ； 脈波傳導速率

並列摘要

Background: Exercise can effectively improve the blood pressure and arteriosclerosis index - pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the prehypertensive adults, while caffeine will make the blood vessels tighten that blood pressure and PWV increase significantly. At the same
time, the previous studies have pointed out that caffeine will weaken the post-exercise hypotension. However, this effect will be different in normotensive and prehypertensive adults, and the response of PWV is still unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine supplementation before exercise on PEH and baPWV after aerobic exercise in normotensive and prehypertensive men. Method: 48 volunteers were recruited to participate in the study, including normotensive (caffeine group: n=12; placebo group: n=12) and prehypertensive (caffeine group: n=12; placebo Group: n=12). All subjects were supplemented with 4 mg of caffeine or placebo per kg of body weight before 30 minutes of exercise, followed by 30 minutes of treadmill exercise by 65% of heart rate reserve (65% HRR).baPWV, blood pressure and other variables were measured at pre-caffeine, pre-exercise, and 30、60、90、120 minutes post-exercise. Results: No matter it is normotensive or prehypertensive men, the interaction of supplement and time factor was significant, and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the placebo groups at each time point post-exercise were significantly lower than pre-caffeine, while the SBP of each time point post-exercise of normotensive (Caf) and the 30(60 minutes post-exercise of prehypertensive (Caf) were significantly higher than pre-caffeine (p < .05).Only the time factor of prehypertensive men was significantly at diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pre-exercise was significantly higher than the pre-caffeine and 30 minutes post-exercise (p<.05).The interaction of supplement and time factor was significant at normotensive men, and the caffeine group of pre-exercise and 120 minutes post-exercise were significantly higher than pre-caffeine, and the placebo group of 30、60 minutes post-exercise were significantly lower than pre-caffeine (p<.05).In the baPWV, only the prehypertensive men had significant interactions between the supplement and the time factor. The caffeine group of pre-exercise and each time pointe of post-exercise were significantly higher than pre-caffeine, and the placebo group of 120 minutes post-exercise was significantly lower than pre-caffeine (p< .05). As far as the interaction or main effect of the baPWV of normotensive is not significant. Conclution: Regardless of the normotensive and prehypertensive men, post-exercise hypotension occurs after exercise, and prehypertensive men can also reduce baPWV, but if the intake of caffeine was done before exercise, the phenomenon of PEH and baPWV will be offset, which in turn may increase the risk of rising blood pressure.

並列關鍵字

supplements ； cardiovascular disease ； arteriosclerosis ； pulse wave velocity (PWV)

參考文獻

衛生福利部統計處：民國104年國人10大死因，2015。取自http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOS/Statistic.aspx?f_list_no=312&fod_list_no=6201

衛生福利部國民健康署：民國104年高血壓盛行率，2015。取自http://www.hpa.gov.tw/BHPNet/Web/News/News.aspx?No=200712250240

衛生福利部食品藥物管理署：民國105年咖啡因攝取建議量，2016。取自http://www.fda.gov.tw/tc/PublishOtherEpaperContent.aspx?id=1089&chk=c683fed7-4262-471b-a310-b4520c96e17e¶m=pn%3d1&tID=1563

王顯智、高瑞鍾、黃惠貞 (2010)。運動對自律神經系統的影響。輔仁大學體育學刊， (9)，24-34。

杜鎮宇 (2002)。不同強度的規律運動訓練對人體安靜與運動狀態下心臟自主神經功能的影響 (未出版碩士論文)。國立體育大學，桃園市。