阿里山森林鐵路的身分價值變遷：從殖民產業到國家級重要文化景觀

Vicissitudes of Alishan Forest Railway’s Value: From the Colonial Industry to National Culture Landscape

羅時承(Lo Shih-Cheng)

指導教授 ： 江柏煒

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與社會科學學院/東亞學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900537

摘要

阿里山森林鐵路是臺灣國內數一數二的知名觀光景點，擁有壯闊的森林自然風景，以及許多過去林業發展的人文景觀，而在 2019 年 7 月，阿里山森林鐵路以「阿里山林業暨鐵道文化景觀」之名成為全臺第一個國家級重要文化景觀。不過阿里山森林鐵路起初是作為日本統治下的林業殖民產業設施，何以在一百多年後其身分價值有如此之大的改變？

本研究經過相關文獻與田野調查資料的蒐集、整理與分析後，建構了阿里山森林鐵路一百多年來的身分價值的歷史發展脈絡。日治時期由於十九世紀資本主義與殖民主義的影響，日本在殖民台灣後為了取得阿里山森林資源，先是建立臺灣第一個現代林業機關，並引進歐美等國之林業與鐵路技術，建造阿里山森林鐵路，也因此形成阿里山林業產業鏈，塑造嘉義與阿里山與林木相關的社會文化。戰後中華民國接收臺灣林業體制後，隨著美國冷戰戰略推動美援以扶持臺灣經濟發展，臺灣林業逐漸朝向森林保育與觀光休憩，阿里山林業產業鏈也在 1960 年代後逐漸衰退，林場與森林鐵路也轉型森林遊樂區與觀光鐵路。1982 年《文化資產保存法》公布後，對阿里山森林鐵路的保存逐步推動，加上 1970 年代起的世界遺產制度，阿里山森林鐵路成為臺灣世界遺產潛力點之一，與其相關的文創產業與政府民間之文化推動也持續進行。

最後透過林業體制、森林鐵路與文化遺產三個層面在世界歷史的發展與變遷，與阿里山森林鐵路身分價值之變遷脈絡進行連結，確認該變遷脈絡代表了世界史與臺灣地方史的緊密關係，阿里山森林鐵路也確實具有受世界關注的文化遺產潛力。

關鍵字

阿里山森林鐵路 ； 世界遺產 ； 價值變遷 ； 文化保存 ； 文化路徑

並列摘要

With magnificent forest and natural scenery, as well as many cultural landscapes of past forestry development, the Alishan forest railway is one of the best-known sightseeing
spots in Taiwan. In July 2019, the Alishan Forest Railway became the first national cultural landscape in Taiwan under the name of“Alishan Forestry and Railway Culture
Landscape”. However, the Alishan Forest Railway was originally used as a forestry colonial industrial facility under Japanese rule. Why has those vicissitudes of value
occurred in the past 100 years?

After the collation, collection and analysis of relevant literature and field survey data, this study constructs the historical development of the vicissitudes of the Alishan forest railway’s value in the past 100 years. During the Japanese occupation period, due to the
influence of capitalism and colonialism in the 19th century, in order to obtain the forest resources of Alishan, Japan first established Taiwan's first modern forestry institution, and introduced forestry and railway technology to built the Alishan forest railway, and formed
a forestry industry chain and shaping the surrounding society and culture.During the Cold War, the United States promoted US aid to support Taiwan's economic development.
Taiwan's forestry gradually moved toward forest conservation and sightseeing. The Alishan forestry industry chain gradually declined after the 1960s, the forest farm and forest railway also transformed the forest recreation area and the sightseeing railway. The timberland and forest railway also transformed into a forest recreation area and a sightseeing railway.After the publication of the "Cultural Assets Preservation Law" in 1982, the preservation of the Alishan Forest Railway was gradually promoted. Together with the World Heritage since the 1970s, the Alishan Forest Railway became one of the potential
sites of Taiwan's World Heritage Project, government and NGO also promote relevant cultural activities.

Finally, through the history of forestry system, forest railways and cultural heritage, the vicissitudes of Alishan forest railway’s value, is closely related to the historical process of world trends. It is the result of the integration of world history and local history, and proving the Alishan forest railway has the potential to become World Heritage.

並列關鍵字

Alishan forest railway ； World Heritage ； vicissitudes of value ； cultural preservation ； cultural route

參考文獻

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