莊子逍遙哲學的生命教育觀研究

本研究旨在探討莊子逍遙哲學的生命教育觀，為能深入了解莊子哲學的背景，故首先探討了其所生活的時代與背景。在莊子所處的時代中分別有兩項衝擊會為人的生命帶來影響，其一是世人因競逐名利、是非而起的紛擾；其二是戰亂頻仍而導致的社會動盪。對此，莊子在進行思考與反省後，針對兩大面向提出了他的見解。關於世間競逐於名利之舉，莊子認為是由於心知執著所致，因此他對於價值爭奪提出了批判；而戰禍頻仍所造成的慘重傷亡，也如同催化劑一般引起了莊子對於死亡問題的反思，在他看來生死就如同花開花謝，有生必然有死，因此面對死亡無須過度執著與恐懼。莊子為解決時代衝擊下所造成的生命問題，他提出了理想的生命樣貌，並且也提出修養工夫的實踐之道，藉此以對治、解決生命的問題，是以在「境界」與「工夫」兩大基石上逍遙哲學也因此而建立。由於逍遙哲學是針對生命問題而有之，因此蘊含了許多生命的智慧與哲理，而這些哲理實際上可看作是莊子給予世人的生命教育。由於莊子所反省的生命問題諸如：價值爭奪、死亡問題等，實際上是超越時空限制的永恆性問題，故而逍遙哲學中所蘊含的生命教育觀點也為當代生命教育帶來了啟示。

關鍵字

莊子；逍遙哲學；生命教育

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the life education concept of Zhuangzi's Xiaoyao philosophy. In order to understand the background of Zhuangzi's philosophy, the author first discusses the era and background of his life. In the era in which Zhuangzi is located, there are two impacts that will affect people's lives. One is the chaos of the world for competing for fame and fortune, and the other is the social unrest caused by frequent wars. In this regard, after thinking and reflecting on it, Zhuangzi put forward his views on the two major aspects. Regarding the world's competition for fame and fortune, Zhuangzi believes that it is due to his perseverance, so he criticizes the value competition; the heavy casualties caused by the war, but also the catalyst generally caused Zhuangzi to reflect on the death problem. In his view, life and death are like the flowers bloom and fade, and there must be death in life. Therefore, there is no need for excessive attachment and fear in the face of death. In order to solve the life problems caused by the impact of the times, Zhuangzi put forward the ideal life appearance, and also proposed the practice of self-cultivation, so as to solve the problem of solving and solving life, it is in the "realm" and " The two cornerstones of the "work" are also established. Because the philosophy of Xiaoyao is directed at life, it contains many wisdoms and philosophies of life, and these philosophies can actually be regarded as the life education that Zhuangzi gives to the world. Because Zhuangzi's introspective life problems such as value competition and death are actually the eternal problems beyond the limitations of time and space, the life education perspective contained in Xiaoyao philosophy also brings inspiration to contemporary life education.