- 學位論文
阿姆斯特丹同志空間塑造與另類創意觀光
Place Making of Gayborhood in Amsterdam and Alternative Creative Tourism
摘要
阿姆斯特丹同志文化自當地同志鄰里並於1930年代創生，並經由當地同志社群、文化創意、城市及國家再現後成為現今阿姆斯特丹同志文化地景。這些地景包括當地地下酒吧以及情慾流動空間、早期同志社會抗爭遊行到現今各式城市同志文化創意活動以及國際性城市大型節慶。其中現今與社會大眾參與性重疊部分較多的再現為國際城市大型節慶。國際性城市大型節慶也因為社會大眾以及國際觀光客的參與，成為城市另類創意觀光。 本研究試圖從文化研究、都市文化創意規劃及發展理論的角度探究一地區的文化主體空間如何發展並形塑旅遊目的地之原因、歷程及運作機制。本研究架構為依序以下三點：(一) 以歷史研究爬梳阿姆斯特丹同志鄰里的創生與發展，以作為後續探討再現政治之背景知識。(二) 以再現政治概念為主、都市文化創意規劃理論為輔，探究阿姆斯特丹文化主體如何經由當地文化創意以及城市形塑為現今城市同志文化創意活動。(三) 以再現政治的概念以及Pierre Bourdieu的文化資本與社會資本之概念，並以都市文化創意觀光理論為輔，探討阿姆斯特丹同志文化創意活動，如何形塑成為現今阿姆斯特丹國際性的城市文化節慶，成為知名觀光地景。 本研究方法採用多重研究方法，包括文獻分析法、質性訪問法、田野觀察法。為了蒐集相關第一手資料，筆者於2017年8月親自前往阿姆斯特丹造訪當地同志鄰里，以質性訪問法訪談鄰里內同志店家及同志組織，為期一個月。另外，期間筆者也親自參與當地知名城市同志文化活動之一：運河嘉年華，並以田野觀察及攝影蒐集相關資料。 綜合以上論述，本研究試圖藉由呈現阿姆斯特丹同志文化以及經由各方相關再現後的落差，以點出現今城市同志節慶中同志文化模糊之相關議題。
並列摘要
Amsterdam LGBTQI+ culture could date back to 1930s, and developed into a neighborhood. In several years, through the representaion of Amsterdam LGBTQI+ community, cultural creativity, city and state power, it has become so-called “Amsterdam gay cultural scene”. The early scene included underground gay bars, tearoom, early social gay protests and nowadays many kinds of queer city cultural creativity and international city festivals. From those scenes mentioned above, we can see the most public one –international city festivals. Because of the public and international tourist participation, international city festivals become part of amsterdam city creative tourism, but the alternative one. The purpose of this study was to investigate how a cultural space developed into a city touist space, from the perspective of culture study and cultural creative tourism theory. The investigation are as follows. First, the study attempted to apply history study to examine the creation and development of Amsterdam gayborhood as well as first version of gay culture from 1930s to nowadays, as the background knowledge to investigate the politics of representation between Amsterdam LGBTQI+ culture and city . Second, the study also applied idea of politics of representation and city creative tourism theory, to examine how Amsterdam LGBTQI+ collaborates with city, and produces its own cultural creativity. Finally, the study applied the idea of politics of representation and Bourdieu’s idea of “cultural capital” and “social capital” and also applied city creative tourism theory, to investigate how Amsterdam LGBTQI+ culture was applied in international Amsterdam LGBTQI+ city festivals, and has become part of Amsterdam city tourism. The research method of this study applied mutiple qualitative methods, including document analysis, interview method, and field observation. In order to collect relevent first-hand data, in 2017 August, I visited Amsterdam gayborhood and interviewed with the staffs of gay shops, gay bars, and LGBTQI+ organizations. Furthermore, I also participated to watch and observe Amsterdam Canal Pride with field observation method. In summary, the study attempts to investigate the gap between authentic Amsterdam LGBTQI+ and its representation, to place its subjectivity in Amsterdam international city LGBTQI+ events nowadays.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
- 鍾宛彤（2021）。荷蘭阿姆斯特丹紅燈區性觀光建構與文創改造〔碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202100883
- 楊明州（2012）。以人為本的永續都市景觀改造思維－高雄市全民參與「創意城市－萬花筒計畫」的案例分享。研考雙月刊，36(5)，167-173。https://doi.org/10.6978/YKSYK.201210.0167
- 黃世輝、蘇秀婷（2017）。從推動社區體驗學習反思社會實踐的可能：以阿里山鄉來吉部落的設計工作坊為例。設計學報，22(3)，1-19。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=16068327-201709-201710030012-201710030012-1-19
- 耿一偉（2012）。打造城市記憶與眾人參與的藝術平台－專訪阿得雷德藝穗節總監葛瑞格．克拉克。PAR表演藝術雜誌，(239)，114-116。https://doi.org/10.29527/PAR.201211.0047
- 楊瑩、周華琪（2008）。Quality Assurance in Higher Education in the Netherlands。Evaluation in Higher Education，2(2)，77-111。https://doi.org/10.6197/EHE.2008.0202.05