兩岸飲食溝通文化對比分析

人類的發展離不開飲食，國際間的交流也可以通過飲食為媒介，傳遞著彼此的文化內涵。兩岸的語言在歷史的演進下，呈現出不同的特色，飲食文化方面也呈現出各自的發展脈絡。隨著近年來兩岸交流的日益密切，在飲食方面的溝通也逐漸增多，其中最直接的表現就是兩岸的餐飲企業紛紛進入到對方市場，如大陸的海底撈等餐飲企業，及台灣的鼎泰豐等餐飲企業。這些連鎖餐飲品牌在融入對方餐飲市場的過程中，其實一直傳遞著各自的語言、文化等訊息。基於上述研究背景，本研究試圖從兩岸飲食溝通角度切入，發掘兩岸在此過程中呈現的語言和文化特點，比較二者的異同，繼而分析其形成差異的原因。本研究以文獻分析法、田野調查法和對比分析法為研究方法。選取五個在兩岸均開設餐廳的餐飲品牌，從實際用餐過程中獲得語料並進行分析，找出兩岸在語言及文化上的特色，接著比較兩岸在此過程中的異同。經過對比分析後，筆者認為兩岸在飲食溝通過程中，語言上表現出較大的差異，尤其是人稱代詞的使用、語氣詞的使用和一些習慣用法方面，雙方各具特色。文化上表現出較多相似點，但仍有一些部分存在差異。究其原因，語言方面與語言的使用選擇偏好、使用語氣詞的功能差異、禮貌策略不同及方言的影響有關；文化方面與非語言符號的差異和餐廳文化特色有關。

關鍵字

兩岸；飲食溝通；飲食文化；對比分析

並列摘要

Human development is inseparable from food，And as a vital medium, it conveys cultural connotations of different cultures within international communication. The language on both sides of the strait has shown different characteristics under the historical development. And so does food cultures, demonstrating different historical and social contexts. Among closer cross-strait communication in recent years, the communication about food has gradually increased. The most direct example is that the catering enterprises on both sides of the strait have entered the other market, such as the Mainland's popular catering enterprise Haidilao, Taiwan's well-known catering enterprise Din Tai fung. In the process of integrating into the other catering market,these chain catering brands have still transmitted the information of their own languages and cultures. Based on the above research background and starting from the perspective of the communication of cross-strait food, this research attempts to explore the language and cultural characteristics of the two sides in the process. Analyzing the similarities and differences within food communication of both sides across the Strait, and then figure out the reasons for the differences. This study uses literature analysis method, field research, and comparative analysis methods. Five examples of restaurant brands that run business in both sides of the strait are selected. This research collects the corpus of food communication of both sides from actual dining experiences, analyzes their linguistic and cultural characteristics, and finds out the similarities and differences. According to the comparative analysis, it showed that languages within cross-strait dietary communication differ the most, with some specific use of personal pronouns, modal particles , and certain idioms and expressions. There are many similarities in culture, but there are still some differences.This research indicates that the languages within cross-strait dietary communication are closely related to preferences of linguistic habits, various functions of Chinese modal particles, different politeness strategies, and influences of dialects; while the cultures within cross-strait dietary communication are tightly associated with differences of non-linguistic symbols and cultural characteristics of restaurants.