驗證多元性運動訓練對肌少症高風險之老老人功能性體適能之效益

Verify the effect of multi-component exercise training for senior fitness test to high risk of sarcopenia oldest-old

蔡富任(Tsai Fu-Jen)

指導教授 ： 張少熙

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201901054

摘要

根據內政部統計資料顯示，2018年3月臺灣65歲以上老年人口，占總人口比率已達14.05%，臺灣正式邁入高齡社會的行列。高齡者因身體老化、疾病等因素，身體功能日益下降，特別是肌肉功能的減退，容易造成高齡者跌倒，進而影響其日常生活，嚴重還可能導致死亡，過往研究大多是針對65歲以上高齡者，進行大範圍的探討，鮮少針對各個年齡層細部探究，因此為深入了解高齡者之差異，本研究欲小範圍在85歲至99歲高齡者進行探討，透過8週的多元性運動課程介入，是否能有效提升肌少症高風險老老人的功能性體適能，並協助其維持其日常生活中身體活動的能力，達到有效預防、降低罹患肌少症的風險。研究對象共計42位，平均年齡87.83±2.78歲，研究對象為參與臺北市106年、107年悠活防跌班之肌少症高風險老老人，在經由8週多元性運動課程介入後，經前實驗設計之單組前、後測，得相關數據進行進行前、後測分析。結果顯示：肌少症高風險之老老人在參與8週多元性運動課程後，其坐姿起立、手臂彎舉項目有顯著進步；再針對肌少症低風險與肌少症高風險進行前後、測的比較差異，發現低風險組與高風險組僅在坐姿起立有顯著進步。因本研究介入時間僅有短短8週，所以相關結果成效表現有限，但對於85歲以上的老老人而言，特別是有罹患疾病風險的老老人，需透過更長時間的運動訓練，才能延緩老老人身體衰退的速度，方能保有該年齡階段所需具備的身體能力。但對此族群的老老人而言，功能性體適能未退步，且能保有維持日常生活之機能，就是最大的進步。

關鍵字

多元性運動 ； 社區 ； 老老人 ； 握力 ； 下肢肌力

並列摘要

According to the data from Taiwan’s Ministry of the Interior, Taiwan has officially entered the stage of an aged society with people over 65 years old accounted for 14.05% of the country’s total population in March 2018. Due to aging, illness or other related factors, older adults’ physical function declines gradually, especially the decline of muscle functions, which will easily cause falls, and consequently impact older adults’ daily life. In serious cases, falls even lead to death. In the past, most of the researchers focused on the large scale investigations of older adults over 65 years old, while few researchers investigated the differences between each age. Therefore, this study narrowed down the research participants to ages between 85 to 99 years old, and aimed at understanding whether multi-component course can effectively improve the senior fitness test of oldest-olds with high risk of sarcopenia, and assist the maintenance of oldest-olds’ daily physical functions, in order to prevent and reduce the risk of sarcopenia. This research consisted of 42 participants (average age: 87.83±2.78), who joined Fall-Prevention class for older adults in Taipei city in 2017 and 2018. After 8 weeks of multi-component course, I used one-group pretest-posttest design of pre-experimental design to examine the analysis of pre-test and post-test of the oldest-olds’ senior fitness test. The results showed that oldest-olds with high risk of sarcopenia improved chair stand and arm curl items after 8 weeks of multi-component course. This research further focused on oldest-olds with high risk and low risk of sarcopenia to examine the differences between the pre-test and post-test of the oldest-old’s senior fitness tests. The results turned out that both oldest-olds with high risk and low risk of sarcopenia only improved chair stand. Multi-component course in this research only lasted for 8 weeks, so the results were restricted. For oldest-old over 85 years old, especially those with high risk of diseases, should have longer training time, so as to postpone the process of decrepitude and retain the required physical performance at this age. However, as far as oldest-olds are concerned, to not regress the senior fitness test and to maintain the ability of daily routine are the best benefits.

並列關鍵字

multi-component exercise ； community-dwelling ； oldest-old ； hand grip strength ； lower limbs muscle strength

參考文獻

一、中文

方怡堯 (2015) 。生態學模式與多元性運動訓練介入對社區高齡者功能性體適能與休閒時間身體活動量之影響 (未出版博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

方怡堯、張少熙、何信弘 (2015) 。多元性運動訓練對社區高齡者功能性體適能之影響。體育學報，48(1)，59-72。

王秀華、李淑芳 (2011) 。不同運動階段老年婦女其功能性體適能與健康生活品質之研究。體育學報，44(3)，333-350。

王進華、陳慕聰、何國龍 (2008) 。老年人肌力訓練之生理意義與基本原則。北體學報， 16，93-103。