Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 5 is one of the composer's last three symphonies. This piece embodies characteristics of Beethoven Symphony No. 5, specifically the skillfully constructed “cyclic form” arrangement. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that the symphony features the “fate theme”. However, I would like to argue that it features a similar but different theme, the “Motto theme” (a theme that occurs throughout the whole piece). This style of theme and the previously described musical arrangement has allowed Tchaikovsky's fifth symphony to take a rather prominent standing in the history of symphonic music. Although the recurring theme throughout this piece is the “Motto theme”, is it fair to subsequently characterize this symphony as program music? This question is still being discussed by the current day music academia. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of Tchaikovsky's fifth symphony, a work which is seldom discussed by academic papers from Taiwan. This dissertation analyses the musical tonality, structure and the composer's line of creative thinking for this particular symphony. Such an analysis will be explained from a conductor's point of view.