正向心理學在提升高風險家庭之家庭幸福感的應用

本研究旨在瞭解高風險家庭之家庭幸福感所持的態度與行為的狀況，發展「正向心理學」之家庭教育介入方案，並探討正向心理學方案之實施對高風險家庭之家庭幸福感所持態度與行為改變之成效。本研究採實驗研究法，以高風險家庭共 30 個家庭的親子為研究對象，高風險家庭（n=68）接受二天半的「正向心理學之家庭教育課程」。在方案介入前、後與後三周分別邀請高風險家庭進行「家庭幸福感」的前、後測與追蹤測，以瞭解正向心理學介入之教學成效。在正向心理學方案進行中，同時使用「活動資料」、「觀察紀錄表」、「高風險家庭訪談」與「社工人員訪談」，作為評估與紀錄高風險家庭互動的表現與概況、對方案內容的收穫與感受以及家庭成員的後續家庭幸福感之研究。研究結果所示如下：一、高風險家庭成員的家庭幸福感所持態度狀況為積極中上的程度；而家庭幸福感行為目前狀況為中上程度，皆有加強的空間。二、高風險家庭、親代與子代在家庭幸福感之態度量表與家庭幸福感之行為量表後測得分幾乎皆顯著高於前測分數，唯有「親代的意義成就之所持態度與行為」、「子代的正向情緒之所持態度」的分數未達顯著，顯示正向心理學之家庭課程可增進部分成員家庭幸福感的所持態度與行為。三、實驗處理三周後，高風險家庭在家庭幸福感、正向情緒與全心投入的行為比方案前進步，顯示高風險家庭成員仍然能夠持續維持方案之成效。四、由方案回饋單、方案歷程記錄表及訪談得知，參與者皆認為正向心理學方案後，家庭依附關係、家人優勢、家庭歸屬感、家庭角色的轉變與社會資源的連結產生正向變化。最後，依據上述結論，研究者針對高風險家庭、家庭教育方案推廣工作者與未來研究等三方面提出具體建議，以提供相關單位參考。

關鍵字

正向心理學；家庭教育方案；高風險家庭；家庭幸福感

並列摘要

The current study aimed at understanding the behaviors and attitudes toward family flourishing in high-risk families, developing positive psychology-based family education program, and evaluating the program effects on in behavioral and attitude changes toward family flourishing among high-risk families. Experimental design was conducted in the current study, in which 68 participants form 30 families were given a 2.5-day “positive psychology-based family education program”. Each participant, regardless of a parent or a child from the high-risk family, was asked to fill out the “family flourishing questionnaire” in the beginning, at the end, and three weeks after completing the program. The “high-risk family interview”, the “high-risk family interview from social worker”, as well as program materials including “activity sheets” and “course feedback forms” were also used in the study to evaluate and record participants’ learning status, performance, within-family interaction, feedbacks, and accomplishments of the program assignments. Statistical analysis were carried out to examine the effectiveness of the program, and the results were as follows: 1.The behaviors and attitudes towards family flourishing were both above average on the response scales among high-risk family members. Both outcomes left rooms for further improvements. 2.There were significant differences in family flourishing questionnaire between the pre-and the post-program measures. This differences were both observed in parent’s and children’s responses. The post-program scores on the behavior and attitude family flourishing were significantly higher than those in the pre-program questionnaire. This result suggested that the developed positive psychology program could improve high-risk family member’s attitude and behavior towards family flourishing. However, significant differences were not identified in the “parents’ attitude and behavior of meaningful-accomplishment” and the “children’s attitude of positive emotion” sub-scores between the pre-and the post-program. 3.Based on the three-week follow-up questionnaire, the scores in engagement, positive emotion, and attitudes and behaviors toward family flourishing seemed to decrease, while the scores were still greater than the baseline assessment. This result provided preliminary evidence of the continuous effect among the program receivers. 4.The administration of the designed positive psychology-based family program overall resulted in positive outcomes including increased family attachment, family strength, a sense of family belonging, transitions in family roles and stronger connections in social resources. Finally, based on the above results, main suggestion from this study was that family education courses should be promoted in high-risk families. Future directions for families, educators, and future research were also provided.

並列關鍵字

positive psychology ； family education program ； high-risk family ； family flourishing.

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